The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Sorted by citations
Items 2,001–2,100 of 3,233
Kethüda, Ö., & Ayoubi, R. (2025) · Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing · doi:10.1080/1051712x.2024.2446812 · Cited by 6
“As the definition highlights, customer engagement is a multi-dimensional concept composed of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Kunz et al. 2017).”
What determines learners’ active participation in Metaverse-based learning in an emerging market
Lê, X. C. (2025) · Library Hi Tech · doi:10.1108/lht-06-2024-0300 · Cited by 8
Mehdiabadi, A. (2025) · Spectrum of Decision Making and Applications. · doi:10.31181/sdmap31202639 · Cited by 3
Aggarwal, A., Arora, N., Manchanda, P., Kaur, J., & Afzal, M. (2025) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2025.2493811 · Cited by 3
“Previous research demonstrates that the concept of CE is multifaceted, with varying perspectives, contexts, definitions, dimensions, and measurement methods (Barger et al., 2016; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2019; Santos et al., 2022).”
Sato, T., & Kato, T. (2025) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78373-9_13 · Cited by 3
Cross-platform Analysis of Customer Brand Engagement with Fashion Brands: A Multi-group Perspective
Kumar, D., Kaur, G., & Dangi, H. K. (2025) · FIIB Business Review · doi:10.1177/23197145251317576 · Cited by 3
Antony, J., Joseph, A., & Akhil, M. A. (2025) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-02-2024-0038 · Cited by 3
Rehman, M., Tong, Z., Wang, C., et al. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105155 · Cited by 3
Fang, L. B., Cheng, T., Yang, H. L., et al. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05098-y · Cited by 3
““ Relationships ” may evolve into “ connections ” ; customer brand engagement re fl ects such “ connections ” which refers to a deep interactive status with brands in terms of cognition, affection and behavior (Hollebeek et al. 2014; H. Li et al. 2024).”
InfluentialWang, J., Zhou, Z., Xu, S., Yan, X., Zhang, Y., & Morrison, A. M. (2025) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/13567667251367435 · Cited by 5
From screen to plate: the role of narrative transportation in shaping destination food perceptions
Tzeng, S.-Y., Huang, K. J., & Wong, W. M. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-04-2025-0607 · Cited by 3
THE PURSUIT FOR BRAND USAGE INTENT: INSIGHT IN HIGHER EDUCATION WHICH USED THE COMPATIBLE COMPUTER
Susilo, W. H., Hutabarat, Y. P. M., & Bustani, O. (2019) · International Review of Management and Marketing · doi:10.32479/irmm.8628 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, the variable that could added in new model pertains; the differential of brand effect (Raggio et al, 2014), the consumer involvement and attempt the self-brand connection (Hollebeek et al, 2014, Harrigan et al, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialInitiating actor engagement with novel products
Wong, D. A., Conduit, J., & Plewa, C. (2019) · Marketing Theory · doi:10.1177/1470593119887474 · Cited by 3
Consumer Engagement in an Online Brand Community
Kurikko, H., & Tuominen, P. (2020) · Eurasian studies in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35051-2_11 · Cited by 4
Haverila, M. J., Haverila, K. C., & McLaughlin, C. (2020) · Journal of Modelling in Management · doi:10.1108/jm2-11-2019-0259 · Cited by 3
Love Wins: A Love Lens Approach to Cultivation of Organization–Stakeholder Relationships
Badham, M. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2398-391420200000005003 · Cited by 3
Nagi, A. M., & Mohammed, S. T. (2021) · مجلة الدراسات التجارية المعاصرة · doi:10.21608/csj.2021.168201 · Cited by 3
“…intellectual, emotional, and social involvement either during or related to central brand/customer experiences, whereas consumer’s negative involvement can be characterized as undesirable brand-related perceptions, emotions, and attitudes during focused brand encounters (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAntecedents and consequences of customer engagement: A case study of Saudi airline industry
Alamoudi, H., & Alharthi, M. (2021) · Innovative Marketing · doi:10.21511/im.17(3).2021.03 · Cited by 4
Molano-Acevedo, A., Berrío, S. P. R., & Robayo-Pinzón, O. (2021) · Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences · doi:10.3311/ppso.16318 · Cited by 5
The Effectiveness of Brand Culture on Customer Engagement
Yin, S., & Fu, L. (2021) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.211209.431 · Cited by 3
“Personality, honesty, and a brand's spirit are all factors that influence the service and the number of customers; the affective loyalty relationship with the business online will show the degree of CE, and building relationships with consumers necessitates data on the customer [16].”
Backgroundeffect of inbound marketing on online customer engagement
Mosa, R. A. (2022) · International journal of business economics & management · doi:10.21744/ijbem.v5n1.1871 · Cited by 3
Dada, S., & Jazi, S. (2022) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95809-1_9 · Cited by 3
Kavoura, A., & Kozioł, L. (2018) · Intelligent Systems · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-5643-5.ch085 · Cited by 3
Consumer Innovativeness and Consumer Engagement: User Motivation As a Mediator
Tian, Z., & Lu, M. (2022) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.11341 · Cited by 3
Creating Brand Experiences Through Activational Sponsorship Leverage
Skard, S., & Solem, B. A. A. (2022) · Event Management · doi:10.3727/152599522x16419948391230 · Cited by 3
The effects of consumer clothes design engagement on brand love and loyalty
Özbek, A., & TOR-KADIOĞLU, C. (2022) · Industria Textila · doi:10.35530/it.073.03.202140 · Cited by 3
Resilience of political leaders and healthcare organizations during COVID-19
Baxi, M. K., Philip, J., & Mago, V. (2022) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.1121 · Cited by 3
Vaičiukynaitė, E., Žičkutė, I., & Šalkevičius, J. (2022) · FGF studies in small business and entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_9 · Cited by 3
Soelaeman, M., Daeng, A., & Ilham, M. (2022) · IJEBD (International Journal Of Entrepreneurship And Business Development) · doi:10.29138/ijebd.v5i1.1618 · Cited by 3
Developing Affective Brands: Paratextualization in the Entertainment Industry
Leão, A. L. M. D. S., Moura, B. M., LOPES, M. A. D. S., et al. (2023) · Review of Marketing Science · doi:10.1515/roms-2022-0021 · Cited by 3
The Effect of Customer Engagement and Brand Advocacy on Brand Value Co-creation
Rini, E. S., & Sembiring, B. K. F. (2022) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_114 · Cited by 3
Promoting a Tourist Destination Through the Engagement of Internet Users
Lacan, C., & Botti, L. (2022) · Décisions Marketing · doi:10.3917/dm.105.0077 · Cited by 3
Multimedia ad exposure scale: measuring short-term impact of online ad exposure
Oğuz, E. A., Strle, G., & Košir, A. (2023) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-023-14401-5 · Cited by 8
“Consumer engagement is a multidimensional concept that explains cognitive, psychological, and behavioral components of consumer-brand interaction [4, 18, 25, 28, 34, 38, 40].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBorrero, J. D. (2023) · CIRIEC-España revista de economía pública social y cooperativa · doi:10.7203/ciriec-e.107.21460 · Cited by 3
Chung, C. D., Gao, Y. L., & Leung, D. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003392347-5 · Cited by 3
Masoetsa, R. C., Ndofirepi, T. M., & Rambe, P. (2023) · Journal of Foodservice Business Research · doi:10.1080/15378020.2023.2214066 · Cited by 3
“It also includes cognitive (mental immersion to gain comprehension), affective (emotional reactions), and behavioral components (activities such as sharing information, collaborating, and connecting with other users) (L. D. Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
InfluentialOpportunities for Advancing Relationship Marketing and Social Media Research
Achen, R. M. (2023) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2023-0122 · Cited by 3
Students, U. T., Widiastuti, A., Masnita, Y., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i7-54 · Cited by 3
“Customer Engagement (CE) is defined as "cognitive, emotional and behavioral activities related to brands that affect consumers positively during or in connection with consumer/brand focus interactions (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundNangpiire, C., Silva, J., & Alves, H. (2023) · Journal of African Business · doi:10.1080/15228916.2023.2237832 · Cited by 3
“It is also explained in literature as the physical, cognitive, and emotional relationship and connection of the customer with the firm and other actors beyond the service provider (Brodie et al. 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Storbacka et al., 2016).”
A netnographic study with social media comments for investigating service failures
Kim, H., & Park, S. (2023) · Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.1111/fcsr.12489 · Cited by 2
Rossi, M. V., Sasso, P., Perna, A., & Solima, L. (2023) · Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility · doi:10.1111/beer.12616 · Cited by 3
Consumer brand engagement: Socio-cultural perspective and research avenues
Scarano, M. C., Regany, F., & Özçağlar–Toulouse, N. (2023) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) · doi:10.1177/20515707231204721 · Cited by 5
“As noted by Hollebeek et al. (2021a), engagement: has been viewed from uni-and multi-dimensional perspectives, the latter dominates [. . . ] Likewise, Hollebeek et al. (2014) suggest CE to comprise cognitive processing, affection and activation.”
BackgroundInfluentialYin, J., Chen, Z., Li, M., et al. (2023) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602381.2023.2281301 · Cited by 3
“…behaviours by key members in virtual brand communities will make them gain more support from other members and from the community, further enhancing members’ satisfaction, trust, attachment, loyalty, and use of the brand and the virtual brand community (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
Brand Authenticity in The Heart of Local Fashion Brand Consumers and The Need for Relationship
Ginting, M. L., Antonio, F., & Sihombing, S. O. (2023) · Journal of Law and Sustainable Development · doi:10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.2085 · Cited by 3
Determination of customer brand loyalty on airlines in Malaysia
Tian, X., & Arif, L. S. M. (2023) · MIGRATION LETTERS · doi:10.59670/ml.v20i6.3478 · Cited by 3
“Some scholars believe that CBI is an important contributing factor to CBE(Agyei et al., 2021; Hinson et al., 2019), while others believe that the higher the degree of CBE, the stronger it is in favour of forming CBI(Acharya, 2021; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKumar, A., Kumar, D. V. S., Khetarpal, M., & Megha, R. U. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8834-1_7 · Cited by 4
Furini, M. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24020610 · Cited by 3
“This shift is primarily driven by the rise of fake followers, emphasizing the importance of evaluating post effectiveness based on active public participation [34].”
BackgroundDeciphering Emotional Sensitivity in Social Media: A Paradigm for Brand Equity Enhancement
Srisuk, N., Puriwat, W., Ratanatamskul, C., & Hoonsopon, D. (2023) · Journal of Human Earth and Future · doi:10.28991/hef-2023-04-04-02 · Cited by 3
“Brand loyalty, indicative of the likelihood of customers choosing a brand over others, is a critical component of brand value [30, 88].”
BackgroundNavigating Consumer Engagement
Bala, R., Kumar, V., & Sharma, R. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-0912-4.ch014 · Cited by 3
Özsomer, A., Güzel, Z. M., Newmeyer, C. E., & Schmidt‐Devlin, E. (2024) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2024.2355770 · Cited by 3
“As a desirable downstream brand consequence, eWOM intentions capture consumer’s brand-related cognition, affection, and activation (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014), and, therefore, reflect consumer engagement (Pansari and Kumar 2017).”
Rizomyliotis, I., Giovanis, A. N., & Κonstantoulaki, K. (2024) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51038-0_73 · Cited by 3
Co-creation and brand happiness: insights from a Korean perspective
Nobi, B. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-08-2023-6185 · Cited by 3
Sury, K., Arief, M., & Asyik, N. F. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v13i4.3401 · Cited by 3
“Social media fosters interactive, personalized interactions between customers and brands (Hollebeek et al., 2014), prompting companies to integrate it into their marketing strategy (Bernoff & Li, 2008).”
BackgroundEnhancing Nogi Livin’s Brand Awareness: A Customer Decision Journey Perspective through Social Media
Meganingsih, F., Wisesa, A., & Fachira, I. (2024) · International Journal of Current Science Research and Review · doi:10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i6-38 · Cited by 3
“This multidimensional concept involves customers' thoughts, feelings, and actions towards a brand, ranging from mental engagement and emotional connections to actions such as purchases and brand promotion (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Backgroundde Gracia, M. M. R., Muñoz, M. M., & Gomar-Lomeña, J. (2023) · Revista Electrónica de Comunicaciones y Trabajos de ASEPUMA · doi:10.24310/recta.24.1.2023.19861 · Cited by 3
Moreno-Albarracín, B., & Sánchez, T. B. (2024) · Revista de Comunicación · doi:10.26441/rc23.2-2024-3583 · Cited by 3
Zhang, Z., & Lu, M. (2025) · Aslib Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1108/ajim-04-2024-0350 · Cited by 4
Alqahtani, N. (2025) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-01-2024-0050 · Cited by 7
The Dynamics of Resistance to Brand Switching in the Smartphones Industry
Appiah, D., & Ozuem, W. (2018) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-5993-1.ch009 · Cited by 3
Marketing with Twitter : investigating factors that impact on the effectiveness of tweets
Soboleva, A. (2018) · Cited by 3
Social Presence and User-Generated Content of Social Media in China
Sun, R., & Xue-Jiao, H. (2019) · International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems · doi:10.4018/ijswis.2019070103 · Cited by 3
An Empirical Study on the Factors Affecting Online Retail Brand Engagement and Purchase Intention
Bhattacharya, S., & Anand, V. (2016) · Malaysian Management Journal · doi:10.32890/mmj.20.2016.9045 · Cited by 4
Diniyati, D., Triayudi, A., & Sholihati, I. D. (2020) · Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) · doi:10.35870/jtik.v5i1.166 · Cited by 3
“Customer engagement ditandai dengan interaksi yang berulang antara pelanggan dan organisasi yang diperkuat dengan emosional, psikologis, atau secara fisik yang dimiliki pelanggan pada brand dan organisasi [1].”
BackgroundDigital Marketing in Times of COVID-19
García‐Santiago, L. (2021) · Advances in linguistics and communication studies · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6799-9.ch006 · Cited by 4
Customer Engagement as an Approach to De-Commoditisation
Nauen, A., & Enke, M. (2022) · Management for professionals · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90657-3_13 · Cited by 4
Proietti, E., & Addis, M. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-632-320221019 · Cited by 3
Rozamuri, A. M., Setiawan, J., Pangaribuan, C. H., Hidayanti, Wismiarsi, T., & Wahyuni, M. (2022) · International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC) · doi:10.1109/icic56845.2022.10007022 · Cited by 5
“Participation in social media marketing might take the shape of a personal relevance or a consumer’s enthusiasm in a certain brand [36].”
BackgroundRuse, A. V., Jaolis, F., & Wijaya, S. (2023) · Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran · doi:10.9744/jmp.17.1.17-23 · Cited by 5
“Engagement merupakan bentuk dari konsep Customer Brand Engagement sebagai aktivitas kognitif, emosional, dan perilaku konsumen yang bervalensi positif terkait dengan interaksi fokus konsumen atau merek (Hollebeek, 2014).”
BackgroundAnalyzing the influencing factors of mobile game consumption
Xudong, L., Guan, M., Kangqing, L., & Zhiwei, Q. (2016) · International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management · doi:10.1109/icsssm.2016.7538489 · Cited by 3
“Although the consensus IS that customer engagement is essential to the success of marketing and sales activities [15,6,16], this concept suffers from a lack of agreement on the definition, dimensionality, and operationalization.”
BackgroundPlume, C. J., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Slade, E. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101754-8.00003-1 · Cited by 3
Drivers of Customer Brand Engagement and Value Co-Creation in China: A Prioritization Approach
Manė, A. G., & Diop, P. A. (2017) · THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION · doi:10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.34.1001 · Cited by 5
Determinants of Customer Engagement on Facebook Brand Pages
Klepek, M. (2018) · Digitální knihovna Univerzity Pardubice (Univerzity Pardubice) · Cited by 3
Research on the impact of content marketing on brand equity
Zhu, X. (2019) · doi:10.2991/iafsm-18.2019.35 · Cited by 3
Antecedents to Customer Engagement: Moderating Role of Media Richness of Brand Pages
Gosain, A., Srivastava, M., & Gupta, D. (2019) · Theoretical Economics Letters · doi:10.4236/tel.2019.97161 · Cited by 3
The influence of interpersonal motivation on polish consumers’ online brand-related activity
Brzozowska-Woś, M., & Schivinski, B. (2019) · Argumenta Oeconomica · doi:10.15611/aoe.2019.2.09 · Cited by 3
“…taken by other consumers committed to the brand (Habibi et al., 2014); b) developing an emotional relationship between a consumer and a brand (Hollebeek et al., 2014); c) engaging in activities related with the brand through the consumption, contribution, and creation of the online content…”
BackgroundY KUŞAĞININ ELEKTRONİK AĞIZDAN AĞIZA İLETİŞİME KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: INSTAGRAM ÖRNEĞİ
Nart, S., KUTLU, E., & Topal, İ. (2019) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1298 · Cited by 11
Hamadi, M., El‐Den, J., Khan, A. R., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Learning and Teaching · doi:10.18178/ijlt.6.1.16-21 · Cited by 3
Relación entre el principio de reciprocidad y el compromiso del consumidor
Giraldo, J. F. M. (2020) · Retos · doi:10.17163/ret.n20.2020.04 · Cited by 4
Indrabrata, A., & Balqiah, T. E. (2020) · International Conference on Business and Management Research (ICBMR) · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.201222.009 · Cited by 4
From Digital Content Marketing Toward Brand Engagement
Fashami, R. Z., Haghighinasab, M., Seyyedamiri, N., & Ahadi, P. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80071-897-520221023 · Cited by 3
Tanamal, F. E. E., Fajarwati, D., & Hadi, D. P. (2022) · SIBATIK JOURNAL Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial Ekonomi Budaya Teknologi dan Pendidikan · doi:10.54443/sibatik.v1i12.426 · Cited by 3
The Role of Customer Brand Engagement and Brand Satisfaction in Digital Banking in Lampung
Octavia, R., & Lesmana, A. Y. (2022) · International Journal of Economics Business and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.23960/ijebe.v5i1.206 · Cited by 3
Customer engagement : conceptualisation, measurement and validation
Poorrezaei, M. (2016) · University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford) · Cited by 3
Tempting Fate: Social Media Posts, Unfollowing, and Long-Term SalesPreprint
Wang, S. A., Greenwood, B. N., & Pavlou, P. A. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2999804 · Cited by 3
Identify Influential Nodes in Online Social Network for Brand CommunicationPreprint
Mao, Y., Zhou, L., & Xiong, N. N. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.14104 · Cited by 3
“considering the structural characteristics of OSN, we propose to measure the individual value of nodes from two aspects, network structure and brand engagement [34][26].”
BackgroundThe impact of social media engagement on university student recruitment
Ahmadi, Y. (2019) · doi:10.24124/2019/58995 · Cited by 3
Análisis bibliométrico de estudios sobre la estrategia de contenidos de marca en los medios sociales
Cuevas-Molano, E., Cid, M. S., & Matosas-López, L. (2019) · Comunicación y Sociedad · doi:10.32870/cys.v2019i0.7441 · Cited by 2
Studying topic engagement and synergy among candidates for 2020 US Elections
Baxi, M. K., Sharma, R. K., & Mago, V. (2022) · Social Network Analysis and Mining · doi:10.1007/s13278-022-00959-9 · Cited by 2
“Also, researchers have revealed the influence on different features of public interaction through various instances (Gruzd and Roy 2016; Hollebeek et al. 2014; Ríos et al. 2017).”
BackgroundINFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY ON BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS IN PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) ACCOMMODATION
Podrug, D., & Grubišić, D. (2023) · Ekonomska misao i praksa · doi:10.17818/emip/2023/2.7 · Cited by 2
Sungkorn, S., & Thongmak, M. (2023) · Creative Business and Sustainability Journal · doi:10.58837/chula.cbsj.45.2.3 · Cited by 3
Event planners’ intentions to use advanced ICTs: Extension of the UTAUT model
Park, J., Hahm, J. J., & Park, J. (2024) · Journal of Convention & Event Tourism · doi:10.1080/15470148.2024.2445677 · Cited by 2
“Customer engagement is an emotional bond between a company and its customers or interaction following customers’ participation (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Dewi, L. K. C., Putra, I. B. U., Widodo, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Digitainability Realism & Mastery (DREAM) · doi:10.56982/dream.v4i01.293 · Cited by 2
What keeps them invested? Social identity and group formation in blockchain
Aebli, A., Silberstein-Bamford, F., & Bamford, J. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Blockchain · doi:10.3389/fbloc.2025.1530186 · Cited by 5
Shaw, C. L., Dolan, R. M., Corsi, A. M., & Goodman, S. (2025) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1177/14413582251331610 · Cited by 3
“Instead, the present study uses Hollebeek et al. (2014) widely accepted conceptualisation of consumer engagement and applies this to different products (vice vs. virtue) to understand consumer behaviour with a different lens.”
InfluentialVenciūtė, D., Barasnevicius, L., Correia, R., & Skudiene, V. (2025) · Information and Computer Security · doi:10.1108/ics-08-2024-0198 · Cited by 2
How Do Image Captions Drive Consumer Engagement on Social Media?
Adam, Z. (2025) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1177/10949968251352408 · Cited by 2
“It has been linked to increased brand awareness (Hughes, Swaminathan, and Brooks 2019), stronger consumer relationships (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014), and higher sales (Babic ́ Rosario et al. 2016; Kumar et al. 2016).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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