The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Sorted by citations
Items 1,901–2,000 of 3,233
Human branding: from attachment strength to loyalty
Loureiro, S. M. C., Sarmento, E. M., Vinagre, F., & Ferreira, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2023.2245826 · Cited by 9
“Customer engagement´s construct can also be conceptualized through multiple dimensions, such as cognitive, emotional, and behavioral (e.g., Bowden 2009; Dwivedi 2015; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
Chaubey, D., Sharma, L., & Subramanian, K. (2022) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies · doi:10.7903/ijecs.2056 · Cited by 4
“Many researchers are of the opinion that brands are no longer just abstract descriptors, but rather exist as part of a social process [14-17].”
BackgroundMartini, E., Hurriyati, R., & Sultan, M. A. (2023) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies · doi:10.53894/ijirss.v6i4.2089 · Cited by 4
“Engagement shows the level of positive consumer valence in the form of cognitive, emotional and behavioral activities while interacting with brands or other consumers [47].”
BackgroundSocial media sharing disposition (SMSD) as a driver of consumer information-sharing behavior
Bailey, A. A., & Mimoun, M. S. B. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-05-2023-6006 · Cited by 4
Islam, M. T., Pandey, U., & Kumar, J. (2024) · International Social Science Journal · doi:10.1111/issj.12529 · Cited by 8
Mann, A., & Kilian, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-45784-6_13 · Cited by 4
., P. P., Verma, P., & Singh, J. (2024) · The TQM Journal · doi:10.1108/tqm-03-2024-0123 · Cited by 4
Scarpi, D., & Raggiotto, F. (2024) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875241291552 · Cited by 4
“…active, rather than passive, approach toward objects: it stands for the positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity associated with or occurring during key consumer-brand encounters, increasing consumers’ connectedness to brands and events (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Sprott et al., 2009).”
Abbasi, A. Z., Hollebeek, L. D., Hassan, M. C., Ting, D. H., Salm, E., & Dikčius, V. (2024) · Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies · doi:10.15388/omee.2024.15.11 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPasha, F. M., Habib, F., Kamran, K., Azam, A., Ali, Z., & Hussain, D. (2025) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/6282833 · Cited by 5
Jiang, Z., Wang, B., Cheng, D., et al. (2025) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.70002 · Cited by 5
The dual role of customer-citizen engagement for sustainability
de Matos, M. A., Patrício, L., & Teixeira, J. (2025) · Journal of service theory and practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-04-2023-0124 · Cited by 4
Customer happiness and evangelism through corporate image and engagement
Nazir, S., Khan, T. I., & Jamil, R. A. (2025) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-08-2024-1780 · Cited by 4
Are There Metrics for MOOCS From Social Media?
Ruby, A. J., Perna, L. W., Boruch, R. F., & Wang, N. (2015) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v19i5.567 · Cited by 4
“The goal is capturing consumer actions and behaviors beyond the simple act of viewing content (Hollebeek, Glynn & Brodie, 2014).”
Bhatti, A., Arif, S., mehar, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Management Info · doi:10.31580/jmi.v15i1.72 · Cited by 4
Roy, S., & Machado, J. C. (2018) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2018.1488144 · Cited by 4
Results-Oriented Influencer Marketing Manual for the Tourism Industry
de-Laguno-Alarcón, C., Sierra-Herrezuelo, P., & Rojas-de-Gracia, M.-M. (2018) · Advances in e-business research series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7262-6.ch014 · Cited by 4
Social Media Driven Brand Love: An Investigation on Turkish Customers
Zengin, A. Y., & ALADAĞ, B. (2018) · İnternet uygulamaları ve yönetimi/internet uygulamalarý ve yönetimi · doi:10.34231/iuyd.408143 · Cited by 4
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) has uncovered that involvement is an antecedent to consumer brand engagement in social media, which Gómez-Suárez et al. (2017) link consumer brand engagement to brand love.”
BackgroundHoney, find me the moon: exploring engagement on dating and matrimony platforms
Shah, A. M. (2019) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-01-2019-0948 · Cited by 4
A Study on the Impact of Customer Expertise on Customer Engagement
Chen, J., Liu, J., & Chen, M. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49889-4_21 · Cited by 4
Young-Eun, L. E. E., & Lee, Y. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Franchise Management · doi:10.21871/kjfm.2020.6.11.2.41 · Cited by 4
“최 연구에서는 고객 브 드 게이즈먼 의 다차원적 성이 강조되고 있으며, 반적으로는 지적, 감정적, 동적 차원으로 구성된다(Dwivedi, 2015; Linda D. Hollebeek et al., 2014; Leventhal, Hollebeek, & Chen, 2014).”
Análisis del consumo de medios digitales españoles durante la pandemia del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Sánchez, J. S., Ormaechea, S. L., & Domínguez, A. M. D. V. (2021) · Historia y Comunicación Social · doi:10.5209/hics.74240 · Cited by 4
“El engament, por tanto, como medida que cuantifica el nivel de determinadas formas de “interacción” en redes sociales (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Raimondo Anselmino, 2017), aparece como relevante en el análisis sobre el consumo y la circulación de las noticias.”
BackgroundCustomer value and customer brand engagement: Their effects on brand loyalty in automobile business
Terason, S., Zhao, S., & Pattanayanon, P. (2021) · Innovative Marketing · doi:10.21511/im.17(2).2021.09 · Cited by 7
“…loyalty has taken a new paradigm that incorporates novel constructs such as brand trust (Huang & Guo, 2021), brand love (Albert et al., 2008), brand experience (Iglesias et al., 2019; Joshi & Garg, 2021) and brand engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014; McShane et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIllescas-Manzano, M. D., Martínez, S., & Pérez, M. S. (2021) · European Journal of Management and Business Economics · doi:10.1108/ejmbe-05-2021-0154 · Cited by 6
Production values as program quality signals in Spanish linear TV: A comparison of two periods
Kimber, D., & Guerrero, E. (2022) · Communication & Society · doi:10.15581/003.35.2.107-120 · Cited by 4
“There is a substantial body of research about subjective elements such as involvement, engagement, and interest in the marketing and communication literature (e.g., Barger et al., 2016; Gunter & Wober, 1992; Ha & Hu, 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundJain, V., Goyal, M., & Pahwa, M. S. (2019) · International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology · doi:10.35940/ijeat.f1163.0986s319 · Cited by 4
Stimulus-Organism-Response Model: Antecedent and Consequent Customer Engagement
Rahmawati, N. D., & Kuswati, R. (2022) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.220602.038 · Cited by 5
“This study adopts the concept of customer engagement proposed by [31], that is:”
MethodAbbas, M. Z., Ahmad-ur-Rehman, M., Alobidyeen, B. Z., & Mehmood, S. (2021) · Journal of administrative and business studies · doi:10.20474/jabs-7.3.1 · Cited by 4
“Social media users participate in ac‑ tivities like tagging, posting, comments, likes, shares, and getting entertained by different content (Hollebeek, Glynn, & Brodie, 2014).”
The Impact of Brand Experience on Consumer Engagement
Martini, E., Shidqi, M. N., Hurriyati, R., & Widjajanta, B. (2022) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.220701.062 · Cited by 4
“Hollebeek [19] suggests three dimensions of consumer engagement: cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects.”
BackgroundChan‐Olmsted, S. M., & Kim, J. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003134176-7 · Cited by 14
D’agostini, E. (2022) · Maritime Business Review · doi:10.1108/mabr-08-2021-0069 · Cited by 5
Aziz, M. A., & Ahmed, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences · doi:10.56536/ijmres.v11i4.159 · Cited by 4
Monge, M. R., Fidalgo, M. I. R., & Ambrosio, A. P. (2022) · Observatorio (OBS*) · doi:10.15847/obsobs16220221908 · Cited by 4
Social Media Approaches and Communication Strategies in Tourism
Minazzi, R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48652-5_127 · Cited by 4
Marvi, R., Hollebeek, L. D., & Foroudi, P. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80071-897-520221033 · Cited by 6
Self-citationValue Creation in Gamified Chatbot Interactions and Its Impact on Brand Engagement
Silva, S. C. L. D. C. E., Cicco, R. D., Levi, M., & Hammerschmidt, M. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25581-6_4 · Cited by 5
Fu, X.-R., & Ren, X. (2023) · Nankai Business Review International · doi:10.1108/nbri-04-2022-0037 · Cited by 3
The Role of Community Benefits on Brand Loyalty in Automotive Social Media Brand Community
Novianti, P. P., & Balqiah, T. E. (2023) · Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management · doi:10.20473/jmtt.v16i1.42435 · Cited by 8
Building theoretical sand castles: the case of customer brand engagement
Gligor, D. M., Bozkurt, S., & Welch, E. (2023) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-023-00227-5 · Cited by 4
Zahoor, S. Z., & Shah, A. M. (2023) · Management and Labour Studies · doi:10.1177/0258042x231167315 · Cited by 4
“An adequate number of studies have attempted to enquire about the effect of social media on buying behaviour, but the majority of these studies follow a micro approach, focusing either: (a) on a specific social media type (e.g., Facebook) (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Hutter et al., 2013; Wang & Kim, 2017); (b) a particula…”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital Storytelling Impact on Consumer Engagement
Lima, J., Teixeira, S., & Moreira, J. (2023) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0333-7_22 · Cited by 4
Social media, saving the food & beverages business in the COVID-19 era?
Rahmawati, R., Hudayah, S., & Paminto, A. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2258637 · Cited by 4
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) added that social media customer engagement is the integration between customers and companies that is inherent in terms of communication, experiences, and online communities on social media.”
BackgroundSelf-Brand Connection: a Literature Review and Directions for Further Research
Seminari, N. K., Rahyuda, I. K., Sukaatmaja, I. P. G., & Sukawati, T. G. R. (2022) · Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen · doi:10.15294/jdm.v13i1.32439 · Cited by 5
“Hollebeek (2014) found that the affective and behavioral aspects of CBE did consistently influence brand loyalty, but the cognitive aspects of CBE created mixed effects on brand loyalty (Shin, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKOÇAK, C. B., Atalık, Ö., & KOÇAK, B. B. (2024) · Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.15659/ppad.17.1.1251882 · Cited by 4
The Moderating Effect of Ski Influencer on Ski Tourism Intention
Zhao, C., & Shen, H. J. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241242318 · Cited by 4
“This perspective recognizes that the importance of engagement is based on cognition and affect (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Taheri et al., 2014).”
Literature review on conceptualisation of online consumer engagement
Unal, G., Schivinski, B., & Brzozowska-Woś, M. (2017) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · Cited by 4
Adapting and Validating Scale of Customer Engagement in Online Travel Communities
Mkumbo, P. J., Ukpabi, D. C., & Karjaluoto, H. (2020) · European Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.54055/ejtr.v25i.416 · Cited by 6
“Despite the growth and increasing attention towards CE, its measurement remains one of the most debated topics in the general service literature (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Vivek et al., 2014) and tourism research domain (Harrigan et al., 2017; So et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialAsante, I. O., Fang, J.-M., & Darko, D. F. (2020) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2020.1821305 · Cited by 6
The Role of Customer Brand Engagement on Brand Loyalty in the Usage of Virtual Hotel Operator
Situmorang, S. B. M., & Aruan, D. T. H. (2021) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.210522.014 · Cited by 5
“In particular, Customer Brand Engagement (CBE), as part of Customer Engagement, has a significant influence in the marketing literature [5].”
Hsu, T., Her, S.-T., Chang, Y.-H., & Hou, J.-J. (2021) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies · doi:10.7903/ijecs.1972 · Cited by 4
“[81] suggested that conceptualization can be adopted based on the sufficient explanations of the dimensions and attributes used in the study following literature review and qualitative explorations.”
Rabbanee, F. K., Ramaseshan, B., & Vyravene, R. (2021) · Australian Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/03128962211057293 · Cited by 5
“Past literature has considered CE as a multidimensional construct with its key dimensions covering cognitive, affective and behavioural customer–brand engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014); and CE aspects including conscious attention, enthused participation and social connection (Vivek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffectiveness of Electricity-Saving Communication Campaigns: Neurophysiological Approach
Borawska, A., Borawski, M., & Łatuszyńska, M. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15041263 · Cited by 4
Achmad, A., Saputra, A. I., Ardiansyah, A. F., & Hendriana, E. (2022) · MIX JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN · doi:10.22441/jurnal_mix.2022.v12i1.001 · Cited by 7
“Even though customer engagement is essential for companies to manage their brand image, most studies of customer engagement are speculative in nature (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundIndonesia, U. K. W. M. S., Ivanka, C. N., Ardhanari, M., et al. (2023) · Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen JUMMA · doi:10.33508/jumma.v12i1.4720 · Cited by 4
Does gamification affect the engagement of exercise and well-being?
Chang, S.-C., Chiu, Y., & Chen, C.-C. (2023) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies · doi:10.7903/ijecs.2209 · Cited by 4
“Emotional engagement is the user's perception of positive emotional feedback from physical activities [30].”
BackgroundMxit advertising’s influence on cognitive attitudes amongst Millennials in the Western Cape
Deffett, R. G. (2019) · Southern African Business Review · doi:10.25159/1998-8125/6047 · Cited by 3
“…to inquiries in first-world nations, thus validating that parallel cognitive attitudes are evident between developing and developed countries (Hollebeek et al. 2014: 155–160; Hutter et al. 2013: 346–347; Labrecque 2014: 137–139; Schivinski & Dąbrowski 2013: 14; Van Noort et al. 2012: 229).”
BackgroundEngagement with Online Customers in Emerging Economies
Arıkan, E. (2017) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2206-5.ch009 · Cited by 4
“…specific social media settings as this new form of online engagement may expose many new opportunities for firms to extract value from existing and potential customers (Dessart, Veloutsou, &Morgan-Thomas, 2015; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Islam & Rahman, 2016a; Vivek, Beatty, Dalela, & Morgan, 2014).”
BackgroundGarcía-Medina, I. (. )., & Tur-Viñes, V. (. ). (2017) · Universidad de Alicante eBooks · doi:10.14198/medcom/2017/10_cmd · Cited by 7
Influence of Social Media Marketing On Consumer Behavior in Karachi
Arshad, S. (2019) · International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications · doi:10.29322/ijsrp.9.02.2019.p8670 · Cited by 4
Service Innovation for Customer Engagement in the Italian Banking Sector
Formisano, V., Cavacece, Y., Fedele, M., Tartaglione, A. M., & Douglas, A. (2019) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7856-7.ch004 · Cited by 4
What Will Influence Customer's Engagement the Strategies and Goals of Tweet
Dongying, Y., & Fujimura, S. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) · doi:10.1109/ieem44572.2019.8978769 · Cited by 4
Pengaruh Gamification dalam Membentuk Brand Loyalty melalui Brand Engagement
Wulandari, N., Saidani, B., & Agung Kresnamurti Rivai, P. (2022) · Jurnal Bisnis Manajemen dan Keuangan · doi:10.21009/jbmk.0301.17 · Cited by 4
Sustainable Finance Beyond Banking Shaping the Future of Financial Technology
Batchu, R. K., & Settibathini, V. S. K. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71729-1_12 · Cited by 3
Fatma, A., & Bhatt, V. (2024) · Tourism Review International · doi:10.3727/194344224x17241867870989 · Cited by 3
Shen, Z. (2025) · Asia Pacific Business Review · doi:10.1080/13602381.2025.2465342 · Cited by 3
Achen, R. M., & Blank, A. S. (2024) · Sport Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.32731/smq.333.092024.02 · Cited by 3
“Therefore we test Hollebeek et al.’s (2014) CBE in social media we believe we are the first to apply the CBE scale in sport context, there are a few studies that apply the CBE scale in other contexts .”
InfluentialHow Firms Can Steer Social Media Conversations
Saljoughian, M., Hewett, K., van Heerde, H. J., & Rand, W. M. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/00222437251329816 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, positive emotional states can enhance users ’ reactions to content perceived as authentic (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
Kumar, V. (2025) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-09-2024-0572 · Cited by 3
From play to community: the role of advergame outcome expectations in shaping brand communitas
Sarkar, J. G., Sarkar, A., & Sreejesh, S. (2025) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2025.2542061 · Cited by 3
Sharma, A., & Sharma, B. K. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2025.2547705 · Cited by 3
Exploring guest engagement with Airbnb: consumer benefits and psychological ownership perspective
Buran, İ., Çelik, Ş. S., Ekinci, Y., & Koçak, A. (2025) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2025.2549975 · Cited by 6
“Cognitive engagement, for example, strengthens intentions to revisit a brand’s products and services (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
InfluentialAbbasi, A. Z., Fayyaz, M. S., Abbasi, G. A., Rather, R. A., & Hussain, A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105632 · Cited by 4
“In the digital eSports game settings, affective engagement is stated as users ’ emotional involvement in a digital game environment (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Zhao & Ma, 2025).”
Banerjee, N., Rawal, M., Torres, J. L. S., & Bagherzadeh, R. (2025) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2025.2571948 · Cited by 4
“Consumer brand engagement is a pivotal statistic for assessing brand success and produces many favorable brand outcomes, including purchase intentions and self-brand linkages (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Dinh, T. C. T., & Lee, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336907 · Cited by 7
“Such engagement combines thoughtful consideration, emotional connection, and willingness to take action [42].”
Customer brand engagement as a driver of psychological benefits of post–purchase green consumption
Rayne, D., Hollebeek, L. D., Leckie, C., & Johnson, L. W. (2025) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-10-2024-0776 · Cited by 3
Self-citationFactors influencing fan token purchase intent in sports fandom
Marques, F., Sousa, A., & Barbosa, B. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship · doi:10.1108/ijsms-05-2025-0231 · Cited by 4
Baldi, G., Hollebeek, L. D., Vesci, M., Botti, A., & Jansson, J. (2025) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2025.2595275 · Cited by 6
Self-citationOfosu-Boateng, I., & Jose, L. M. (2025) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2025.139015 · Cited by 3
Kautish, P., Radia, K. N., & Radia, S. (2025) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2025.2596369 · Cited by 4
“Unlike cognitive engagement, which relies on mental elaboration, emotional engagement centers on the resonance and meaning consumers attach to content, shaping their affective bonds with the brand (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Sun, X., & Li, J.-P. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104712 · Cited by 3
Wannow, S., & Haupt, M. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.115970 · Cited by 3
AI-Driven Personalized Advertisements on Social Media and Purchase Intention in Fashion Industry
Hoang, L. C., Ly, K. T., Nguyen, P. Q. H., & Tran, Q. M. (2026) · Journal of Global Marketing · doi:10.1080/08911762.2026.2628618 · Cited by 3
., P. P., & Verma, P. (2026) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-09-2024-0261 · Cited by 3
How parasocial relationships drive purchase intentions: a meta-analysis
Nadroo, Z. M., Vinoi, N., & Shankar, A. (2026) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-05-2025-0205 · Cited by 5
Generative AI and customer engagement with the retailer: Does product type matter?
Anggraini, L., Demoulin, N. T. M., & de Kerviler, G. C. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116182 · Cited by 8
Rasty, F., Hollebeek, L. D., Lim, W. M., & Parts, O. (2026) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875261434211 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPigola, A., Bevan-Dye, A. L., de Moraes, G. H. S. M., & Synodinos, C. (2026) · Services Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15332969.2026.2667809 · Cited by 5
Determinants of Participation and Outcomes in A Cause Marketing Event: A Laddering Approach
Yeoh, P. (2021) · Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing · doi:10.1080/10495142.2021.1961652 · Cited by 3
“Majority of studies on customer engagement, however, have dealt mainly with on-line communities (e.g., Gummerus et al., 2012; Hollebeek et al., 2014) with limited research in the context of the “physical world.”
BackgroundDelcea, C., & Bradea, I.-A. (2023) · Series on grey system · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3424-7_9 · Cited by 3
The Impact of Virtual Interactivity on Shopper Behaviour
Dulabh, M., Vazquez, D., Ryding, D., Casson, A. J., & Caratù, M. (2023) · Springer texts in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33302-6_22 · Cited by 3
Changani, S., Kumar, R., & Tripathi, S. (2022) · International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) · doi:10.46254/in02.20220308 · Cited by 4
Thoo, A. C., Yap, K. Y., Hang, S. P., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies · doi:10.7903/ijecs.2125 · Cited by 3
The Role of User Engagement and Instagram Influencer in a Corporate SNS Account
Basbeth, F., & Nardo, R. (2023) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42463-2_7 · Cited by 7
Customer engagement in tourism and hospitality research
Rather, R. A., Ramkissoon, H. R., Hollebeek, L. D., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2023) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781802203943.00010 · Cited by 4
Self-citationAmoako, G. K., Omari, P., Amegbe, H., Agbemabiese, G. C., & Ramayah, T. (2024) · Journal of African Business · doi:10.1080/15228916.2024.2361406 · Cited by 3
“Some scholars acknowledge (Harrigan et al., 2018; L. D. Hollebeek et al., 2014; Khan et al., 2016; Sprott et al., 2009) that engagement is a construct that deals with motivation and can motivate customers toward a specific brand.”
Framing knowledge structure of customer engagement: a multimethod review
Roopak, R., & Chakrabarti, S. (2024) · VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems · doi:10.1108/vjikms-12-2022-0364 · Cited by 3
Consumer Expectations in the Context of Unique Tourism Products
Čivre, Ž., Rebec, P., & Baruca, P. Z. (2024) · Academica Turistica · doi:10.26493/2335-4194.17.23-34 · Cited by 3
“Expectations are created in the minds of consumers based on their individual experiences and emotionally, physically, intellectually, or even spiritually engaged (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Pine & Gilmore 1998).”
BackgroundModeration And/Or Mediation? The Role of Engagement in Relationship Quality and Customer Loyalty
Nunes, D. C., Schmidt, S., Crespo, C. F., & Eberle, L. (2024) · Journal of Relationship Marketing · doi:10.1080/15332667.2024.2405309 · Cited by 3
“It is associated with the formation of an emotional bond with the brand, ensuring its presence in the minds of customers (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek, 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Giang, H. T. T., Dung, L. T., Tien, H. T., & Nhu, C. T. B. (2024) · Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1186/s13731-024-00431-2 · Cited by 12
Zang, L., Xiong, W., Liu, Y., & Dai, T. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-07-2024-0972 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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