The DOI matches its Crossref record; 382 of the 411 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet; 1 of the 123 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications
Open accessAbstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution may help many sectors and industries, whereas healthcare will be significantly impacted. Medical advances will be swifter, better and more effective, quickly providing medications to patients. It will act as a leveller for healthcare services by making them available to everybody. Medical 4.0 is the fourth medical revolution, employing emerging technologies to create significant advancements in healthcare. New medical 4.0 technology has advanced significantly, ranging from mobile computing to cloud computing, over the previous decade and is now ready to be employed as commercially accessible, networked systems. Expanding and with higher life expectancies, there is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations. This paper explores Medical 4.0 and its demand in the healthcare sector and discusses various progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 Practices are discussed diagrammatically. Medical 4.0 envisions a strongly interconnected health system. A hospital bed can be connected to the network and use patient data via the Internet of Things (IoT). Finally, this paper explores & provides the significant applications of Medical 4.0 for healthcare services. In addition to being creative, Medical 4.0 decreases the healthcare burden in affluent nations and offers good services to less developed countries, providing comprehensive and high-quality treatment. Medical 4.0 is characterised by technical discoveries and developments in the medical profession to encourage patient-centred therapy and drugs. This digital transformation, where patients' data will be electronically collected and utilised by technology to better understand and diagnose them, replaces the doctor-centric treatment techniques with a patient-centric paradigm.
Verified 2026-10-09 · 1 reference not checked yet
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review describes Medical 4.0 as the fourth medical revolution, using emerging technologies such as IoT, AI, VR, big data, 5G, robotics, and blockchain to create interconnected, patient-centred healthcare. It discusses the need for Medical 4.0, progressive implementation steps, smart features, and applications across telemedicine, wearables, AI, data science, IoT, RPA, VR, edge computing, intelligent apps, additive manufacturing, 3D scanning, tissue engineering, big data, 5G, drones, nanomedicine, IoB, cybersecurity, and blockchain.
Key findings
- Medical 4.0 is characterised as a patient-centric digital transformation that replaces doctor-centric treatment techniques, aiming to make healthcare more available, accurate, individualised, and lower cost; no numerical outcomes are reported.
- The paper identifies progressive implementation steps: patient data collection and past medical records, processing with smart systems such as AI, machine learning, IoT, and cloud computing, then compilation of analysed data into improved patient records.
- It lists major applications including telemedicine, sensors and wearable technology, artificial intelligence, data science, IoT, robotic process automation, virtual reality, edge computing, intelligent apps, additive manufacturing, 3D scanning, tissue engineering, big data, 5G, drones, nanomedicine, Internet of Behaviours, cybersecurity, and blockchain.
- The paper states Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages and that a comprehensive picture may not yet exist.
Methods
- Literature review-based study using Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, and other databases.
- Search terms included “Medical 4.0 technologies (All technologies)” and “Healthcare”; the most relevant papers were selected and critically discussed.
- No primary data, sample size, or quantitative analysis is reported.
Limitations
- The paper states that smart technologies have limitations, as do the humans who power them; human skill and learning curves differ, and innate strengths in traditional work may not translate proportionally when innovative technology is introduced.
- The paper states that digital transformation will be widespread but slower than the Internet’s digital disruption, and that companies are often conservative due to extensive investment cycles.
- Evident from the text: the review lacks a systematic review protocol, explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria, and empirical validation; many claims are broad and supported by narrative citation rather than reported outcomes.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
94 Not checked yet · 33 Own interpretation · 3 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Now it is being explored in various areas of healthcare, like medical imaging, drug development, drug delivery, testing, genomics, predictive diagnosis, new drug development etc [137].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.4. Data science
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [137] Schulz, 2019, Standards in healthcare data, Fund. Clinic. Data Sci. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Conclusion (section 3.3; page unavailable) describes growing expectations for predictive analysis of clinical data. Section 3.2 mentions medical imaging and genetic markers, but in a discussion of data standards rather than data-science applications. The copy does not support the claim’s list of applications, particularly drug development, drug delivery, and testing. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These technologies are evolving into a patient-centred approach in which the data will be provided to industry participants to develop better technology and healthcare delivery concepts [28,29].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 2. Medical 4.0
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“AI is transforming the healthcare domain by allowing clinicians to stay focused on the most critical patient care and requirements rather than being distracted by different priorities of the same patients [60,61].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 6. Progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [60] Weaver, 2010, Forgoing medical care because of cost: assessing disparities in healthcare access among cancer survivors living in the United States, Cancer source
- Not checked yetcites [61] Singh, 2020, Internet of things (IoT) applications to fight against COVID-19 pandemic, Diabetes Metabol. Syndr.: Clin. Res. Rev. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As technology progresses, more people will have access to high-quality healthcare at a lesser cost.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 3. Need for Medical 4.0 for healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47][48][49]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Medical 4.0 can improve health care by offering more accurate and individualised care.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“AI technologies enable virtual nursing assistants to undertake various activities, from talking with patients to guiding them to the most appropriate and effective care unit.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [125] Li, 2020, Developing a delivery science for artificial intelligence in healthcare, NPJ dig. med.
- Not checked yetcites [126] Longoni, 2019, Resistance to medical artificial intelligence, J. Consum. Res. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Some ingestible sensors are also being used to help doctors detect patients with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and colon cancer more precisely [113][114][115].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.2. Sensors and wearable technology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [113][114][115]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This technology can deliver healthcare services to patients who cannot go to a medical centre.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.1. Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Artificial Intelligence has played a significant role in containing COVID-19.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116][117][118][119][120]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“AI can assist doctors in detecting, predicting, and diagnosing illnesses more precisely and quickly.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 55
- It may state two separate claims as one. 44
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This digital transformation, where patients' data will be electronically collected and utilised by technology to better understand and diagnose them, replaces the doctor-centric treatment techniques with a patient-centric paradigm.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Medical 4.0 uses modern technologies to connect patients and healthcare professionals to the organisation and treatment technique.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 2. Medical 4.0
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Healthcare technologies, ranging from mobile computing to cloud computing, have advanced significantly over the previous decade and are now ready for deployment as commercially accessible.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] Bahl, 2020, Telemedicine technologies for confronting COVID-19 pandemic: a review, J. Ind. Integr. Manage. source
- Not checked yetcites [76] Aceto, 2020, Industry 4.0 and health: internet of things, big data, and cloud computing for healthcare 4.0, J. Ind. Inform. Integr.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Medical 4.0 is characterised by technical discoveries and developments in the medical profession to encourage patient-centred therapy and drugs.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Aside from providing patients with an escape route, VR has also demonstrated proven pain management efficacy and showed vital improvement in chronic pain patients.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 2. Medical 4.0
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32][33][34]
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to being creative, Medical 4.0 decreases the healthcare burden in affluent nations and offers good services to less developed countries, providing comprehensive and high-quality treatment.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The advantages are vast, and the deployment of these technologies will allow for significant advancements in the therapies and make them available to more persons at an affordable price [17,20].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Wearables and other IoMT devices help doctors to access extensive patient information remotely.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Predictive analytics might help hospitals and clinics forecast admission rates to enhance staff scheduling [34][35][36].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 2. Medical 4.0
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34][35][36]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Medical 4.0 is emerging as a new trend in the healthcare field, where the Healthcare sector can benefit from cloud computing that employs artificial intelligence.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 3. Need for Medical 4.0 for healthcare
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Wearable gadgets provide healthcare staff with real-time patient data while still at home.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8. Applications of Medical 4.0 technologies for the healthcare sector
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The hospitals can use IoT to automate production operations and reduce the overall cost of hiring a gardener team.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 6. Progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of data, medical research will likewise grow tremendously.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 3. Need for Medical 4.0 for healthcare
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One of the primary advantages of telehealth over in-person options is that it limits contact between patients, healthcare personnel, and other patients while still offering a significant patient experience.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8. Applications of Medical 4.0 technologies for the healthcare sector
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Connecting medical areas to technology equipment enable healthcare providers to introduce a more precise therapy method.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 6. Progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Medical 4.0 technologies include wearables, applications, and mobile technologies that give access to health care assistance and monitoring, growing in popularity, particularly for managing long-term and chronic illnesses.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 2. Medical 4.0
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Wearable technology predicts future ill-health endpoints in patients, and expert systems technology allows the impart of best practices.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This technology allows remote monitoring and operating equipment and systems by providing a near real-time bridge between the physical and digital worlds.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Blockchain is a movement that can significantly enhance the healthcare business.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8. Applications of Medical 4.0 technologies for the healthcare sector
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Communication between healthcare practitioners and patients has become much easier because of advances in medical technologies [78,79].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8. Applications of Medical 4.0 technologies for the healthcare sector
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [78] Zheng, 2013, Emerging wearable medical devices towards personalized healthcare
- Not checked yetcites [79] Jain, 2021, Adoption of fog computing in healthcare 4.0
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In the paper
“Companies that use digital twins for significant benefits include enhanced operations, product and service innovation, and faster time-to-market.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“IoT devices in healthcare, such as wearable fitness bands, pulsometers, digital thermometers, and other related health equipment, elevate individuals' selfcare efforts.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 6. Progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Medical 4.0 technologies monitor patients and administer individualised care.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 3. Need for Medical 4.0 for healthcare
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“5G can let IoT devices connect and communicate faster.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Medical 4.0 technologies help to provide individualised therapy, address symptoms rapidly and monitor patients' health minute by minute in real-time.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 3. Need for Medical 4.0 for healthcare
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Technologies of Medical 4.0 are to improve operating performance, including health and safety performance.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 6. Progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The development of wearables and sensors has heralded a new age of telemedicine.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 7. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“IoT devices capture data and transmit it for examination and effective medicine, providing healthcare practitioners with a more accurate reflection of various healthcare applications and diagnoses.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 6. Progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Telemedicine applications have become critical for millions of individuals worldwide regarding health promotion and illness prevention.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.1. Telemedicine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Telehealth services have grown in popularity in recent years, as Covid-19 has made individuals worldwide more worried about their general health [90][91][92][93][94][95].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.1. Telemedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [90][91][92][93][94][95]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“AI can also improve surgery speed and help doctors perform delicate incisions [121][122][123][124].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121][122][123][124]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Initially, AI has been employed to automate the most mundane and repetitive processes and reduce paperwork.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116][117][118][119][120]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Telemedicine enables healthcare practitioners to examine, diagnose, and treat patients without seeing them.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.1. Telemedicine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“AI-powered medical chatbots service can provide patients with instant answers to many of their healthrelated queries and guide patients with any potential problems, saving on unnecessary trips to the doctor and healthcare centre.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121][122][123][124]
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Artificial intelligence can analyse the enormous amounts of data, which may be used to create knowledge databases and ease evaluation and advice for each patient, improving clinical decision support.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.3. Artificial intelligence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121][122][123][124]
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Wireless sensors from Sensor Metrix are used in hospital refrigerators, freezers, and labs to keep blood samples, pharmaceuticals, and other items at the right temperature [100][101][102].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.2. Sensors and wearable technology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [100][101][102]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This predictive analytics can be helpful to improve patient care, chronic illness management, the efficiency of supply chains and pharmaceutical logistics.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.4. Data science
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [143][144][145]
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result, IoT offers real-time alerting, tracking, and monitoring, allowing for hands-on treatments, improved accuracy, timely intervention by doctors, and improved overall patient care delivery results.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.5. Internet of things
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [166][167][168][169]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare offers interoperability, machine-to-machine connection, information sharing, and data migration, which contribute to the effectiveness of healthcare service delivery.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.5. Internet of things
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [155][156][157][158]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Data Science is critical in monitoring patients' health and informing essential measures to be made to avoid potential illnesses from occurring.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.4. Data science
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Medical IoT devices collect vital indicators of any ailment and transmit that data to clinicians for real-time surveillance, while mobile applications and smart sensors notify individuals about key portions [155][156][157][158].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.5. Internet of things
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [155][156][157][158]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One of IoT's most critical difficulties in healthcare is data security and privacy.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.5. Internet of things
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [170][171][172][173][174]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“RPA may automate registration procedures, maintain and manage medical information, and perform repetitive data entry.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.6. Robotic process automation (RPA)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [184][185][186]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By automating time-consuming and everyday activities such as data digitisation and payable accounts, RPA will improve billing performance, reduce write-offs and save healthcare providers.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.6. Robotic process automation (RPA)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [190][191][192]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Edge computing can be vital in times like the flu pandemic, where clinicians can monitor patients' vitals from remote areas and devise an action plan.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.8. Edge computing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [219] Sodhro, 2019, Mobile edge computing based QoS optimization in medical healthcare applications, Int. J. Inf. Manag.
- Not checked yetcites [220] Ray, 2019, Edge computing for Internet of Things: a survey, e-healthcare case study and future direction, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Providing adequate healthcare to distant rural regions has always been difficult [219,220].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.8. Edge computing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [219] Sodhro, 2019, Mobile edge computing based QoS optimization in medical healthcare applications, Int. J. Inf. Manag.
- Not checked yetcites [220] Ray, 2019, Edge computing for Internet of Things: a survey, e-healthcare case study and future direction, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“VR-enabled virtual clinics have become more popular; treating physical disorders at home using VR equipment yields promising results and is being expanded to other physical diseases [205,206].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.7. Virtual reality
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [205] Pillai, 2019, Impact of virtual reality in healthcare: a review, Virt. Augmented Real. Mental Health Treat. source
- Not checked yetcites [206] Bracq, 2019, Virtual reality simulation in nontechnical skills training for healthcare professionals: a systematic review, Simulat. Healthc. J. Soc. Med. Simulat. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Exposure therapy is now considered a standard treatment method for several mental illnesses [210][211][212][213].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.7. Virtual reality
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [210][211][212][213]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The biomedical and biotechnology domains are critical to developing successful regeneration therapeutics [268,269].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.12. Tissue engineering
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [268] Fernandes, 2018, Bioactive glasses and glass ceramics for bone regeneration and tissue engineering healthcare applications, Materials source
- Not checked yetcites [269] Xu, 2015, Bone tissue engineering: electrospun polycaprolactone 3D nanofibrous scaffold with interconnected and hierarchically structured pores for bone tissue engineering (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 15/2015), Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Additive Manufacturing (AM) creates complex structures that vary in complexity, customisation, lightweight, strength, and speed, as additive manufacturing for medical devices and other essential development.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.10. Additive manufacturing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [243][244][245]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By keeping many critical processing jobs on network edge devices, healthcare IT infrastructures may still benefit from acquiring healthrelated data while also receiving quick, real-time analytics to detect and respond to health problems.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.8. Edge computing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [224][225][226][227]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These apps provide a new approach to tailored health, bolstered by advanced AI, human medical expertise, and the power of mobile technology.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.9. Intelligent apps
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [233][234][235]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“3D scanning provides doctors with a precise image of their patients and thoroughly researches potential treatments without physically testing them on the patient.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.11. 3D scanning
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Population movements may be predicted using the GPS tracker, and the transmission of the infection can be limited.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.13. Big data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [284][285][286][287]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It helps functionalising tissues by mixing scaffolds, cells, and physiologically active chemicals [270,271].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.12. Tissue engineering
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [270] Archer, 2005, Why tissue engineering needs process engineering, Nat. Biotechnol. source
- Not checked yetcites [271] Sridhar, 2015, Tissue engineering: development of a cellularly degradable PEG hydrogel to promote articular cartilage extracellular matrix deposition (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2015), Adv. healthc. mater. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Non-therapeutic uses include using tissues as biosensors to detect biological or chemical danger agents and tissue chips that may assess experimental medicine's toxicity [278][279][280].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.12. Tissue engineering
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [278][279][280]
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It contributes to better results and lowers costs through improved disease management strategies.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.13. Big data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [291][292][293]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the pace, complexity, and volume of data flow and business operations will be boosted in this new era [303][304][305].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.14. 5G
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [303][304][305]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nanotechnology is beneficial for healthcare applications in developing countries [336][337][338][339].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.16. Nanomedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [336][337][338][339]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It will also be highly beneficial to insurance firms.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.13. Big data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [298][299][300][301]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“AR-powered medical devices and realtime data readings can remotely coach surgeons during surgery.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.14. 5G
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [315][316][317]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They can transfer medicine within hospital boundaries, transmit blood between hospital buildings, and provide elderly patients with gadgets to help them age in situ [329][330][331].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.15. Drones
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [329][330][331]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nanoparticles can be used in various medical applications, including novel diagnostic tools, imaging agents and procedures, targeted medication delivery, medicines, bio-implants, and tissue engineering [332][333][334][335].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.16. Nanomedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [332][333][334][335]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The cloud's fast, frictionless scalability allows it to accommodate the massive volumes of data involved in contemporary healthcare while utilising computing and storage resources as a service, enabling healthcare companies to react swiftly and cost-effectively to changing demands [306][307][308].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.14. 5G
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [306][307][308]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nanostructure scaffolds are used for tissue replacement, and nanostructures that allow transport across biological barriers are novel nanotechnology applications.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.16. Nanomedicine
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [340][341][342][343]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“With the arrival of 5G, healthcare businesses will have access to a more excellent range of apps, data, and infrastructure, allowing them to gain a competitive edge [302].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.14. 5G
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [302] Latif, 2017, How 5g wireless (and concomitant technologies) will revolutionize healthcare?, Future Internet source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These are just a few of the workloads that 5G will enable to be provided from the cloud, lowering healthcare costs while increasing treatment quality and patient outcomes.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.14. 5G
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Rapid delivery of vaccinations, treatments, and supplies to the point of infection might end outbreaks of potentially fatal infectious illnesses.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.15. Drones
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [318][319][320]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Drones provide for the delivery of blood, vaccinations, birth control, snakebite serum, and other medical supplies to remote regions and the capacity to reach victims in need of rapid medical treatment within minutes.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.15. Drones
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [329][330][331]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Because data breaches in health care have a significant financial impact, health informatics and other experts play a vital role in ensuring that medical organisations stay safe.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.18. Cyber security
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [347][348][349][350]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Data breaches in health care have a significant financial impact.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It increases a drug's traceability as it passes through the supply chain and aids in the prevention of drug counterfeiting.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.19. Blockchain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [360] Siyal, 2019, Applications of blockchain technology in medicine and healthcare: challenges and future perspectives, Cryptography source
- Not checked yetcites [361] Aich, 2022, Protecting personal healthcare record using blockchain & federated learning technologies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This technology can secure data integrity and enable collaboration among increasing healthcare trends [358,359].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.19. Blockchain
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The app can alert potentially unsafe situations and suggest behavioural changes that might result in a more positive and desirable outcome [344,346].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.17. Internet of behaviours (IoB)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [344] Javaid, 2021, Internet of behaviours (IoB) and its role in customer services, Sens. Int. source
- Not checked yetcites [346] Hampshire, 2021, Associations between dimensions of behaviour, personality traits, and mental-health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, Nat. Commun.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cybercriminals use malware and ransomware to take down individual devices, servers, or whole networks.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.18. Cyber security
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [347][348][349][350]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Blockchain technology can accelerate innovation in preventative care and community-based healthcare solutions.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.19. Blockchain
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The IoB can become a potent marketing and sales tool for businesses and organisations [344,345].”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.17. Internet of behaviours (IoB)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [344] Javaid, 2021, Internet of behaviours (IoB) and its role in customer services, Sens. Int. source
- Not checked yetcites [345] Bakhshi, 2019, Securing Internet of bio-Nano things: ML-enabled parameter profiling of bio-cyber interfaces
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Companies that have gotten to know us through IoT data may now influence our behaviour with IoB data.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.17. Internet of behaviours (IoB)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [344] Javaid, 2021, Internet of behaviours (IoB) and its role in customer services, Sens. Int. source
- Not checked yetcites [346] Hampshire, 2021, Associations between dimensions of behaviour, personality traits, and mental-health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, Nat. Commun.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Medical 4.0 technologies can bring obstacles, particularly in successfully utilising the rich insights gathered to enhance healthcare outcomes.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages, and we may not have a comprehensive picture.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These technologies are considerably altering our interactions with medical devices.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Online education for healthcare professionals has decreased the need to travel large distances and spend time away from their jobs.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Artificial intelligence can assist in identifying viral fragments with the qualities required to achieve various objectives.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This, combined with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in a change away from the old paradigm and toward a more dynamic one in which healthcare staff may treat patients remotely.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Machine learning allows breakthroughs that humans would not otherwise be able to attain.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“VR can considerably aid healthcare practitioners in their delivery of care.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patient-centred AI improves results, costs, and experiences.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Allowing patients to participate in their treatment will offer clinicians a wealth of information.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 9. The significant contributions of the study
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations due to expanding and higher life expectancies.
“Expanding and with higher life expectancies, there is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Patients can entrust sensitive personal information to healthcare professionals.
“Patients can entrust sensitive personal information to healthcare professionals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most healthcare providers have begun growing to produce to give fresh meals and have eliminated as many items as feasible.
“Most healthcare providers have begun growing to produce to give fresh meals and have eliminated as many items as feasible.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Combining wearable monitors with other data sensor sources saves money and time and allows older patients and others with long-term health concerns to effectively track their progress and difficulties.
“They save money and time by combining wearable monitors with other data sensor sources, allowing older patients and others with long-term health concerns to effectively track their progress and difficulties.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Smart monitoring can aid in detecting early symptoms of illness, resulting in better treatment approaches and prevention.
“Smart monitoring can aid in detecting early symptoms of illness, resulting in better treatment approaches and prevention.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The most significant advantage of AI and healthcare technology is that they offer correct findings more quickly.
“The most significant advantage of AI and healthcare technology is that they offer correct findings more quickly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Data science is critical in monitoring patients' health and informing essential measures to avoid potential illnesses.
“Data Science is critical in monitoring patients' health and informing essential measures to be made to avoid potential illnesses from occurring.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Smartphone applications enrich human lives by managing personal and professional relationships and activities practically, engagingly, and dynamically.
“Smartphone applications enrich human lives by managing personal/ professional relationships/activities practically, engaging, and dynamic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The demand for efficient regeneration therapies is increasing due to the large ageing population, environmental concerns, rising lifestyle problems such as stress, obesity, and diabetes, as well as an increase in trauma cases.
“The demand for efficient regeneration therapies is increasing due to the large ageing population, environmental concerns, rising lifestyle problems such as stress, obesity, and diabetes, as well as an increase in trauma cases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The existing healthcare digital infrastructure does not entirely support the essentially necessary security or interoperability.
“The existing system does not entirely support the essentially necessary security or interoperability.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Data breaches in health care have a significant financial impact.
“Because data breaches in health care have a significant financial impact”
The paper relies on this without support.
Protected health information is among individuals' most sensitive private data.
“Because protected health information is among individuals' most sensitive private data”
The paper relies on this without support.
Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages, and we may not have a comprehensive picture.
“Indeed, Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages, and we may not have a comprehensive picture.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It may lead to stress, anxiety, and the development of negative attitudes among nurses toward such technology if it is not properly introduced.12,15,18”
From Exploring nurses’ awareness and attitudes toward artificial intelligence: implications for nursing practice (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.1. Telemedicine
“Telemedicine, often known as telehealth or e-medicine, is the remote delivery of healthcare services such as tests and consultations.”
§ Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features > 8.1. Telemedicine
“Telehealth is a broader phrase that includes non-clinical services such as remote patient monitoring and personal medical training.”
Citations
Cites
Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future
Jiang, F., Jiang, Y., Zhi, H., Dong, Y., Li, H., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Dong, Q., Shen, H., & Wang, Y. (2017) · Stroke and Vascular Neurology · doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000101 · Cited by 4,837
The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare
Davenport, T., & Kalakota, R. (2019) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.7861/futurehosp.6-2-94 · Cited by 3,800
The Internet of Things for Health Care: A Comprehensive Survey
Islam, S. M. R., Kwak, D., Kabir, M. H., Hossain, M., & Kwak, K.-S. (2015) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2015.2437951 · Cited by 3,199
Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential
Raghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. (2014) · Health Information Science and Systems · doi:10.1186/2047-2501-2-3 · Cited by 3,034
Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Yu, K.-H., Beam, A. L., & Kohane, I. S. (2018) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-018-0305-z · Cited by 2,817
A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation
Patel, S., Park, H., Bonato, P., Chan, L., & Rodgers, M. (2012) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-9-21 · Cited by 2,396
The practical implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine
He, J., Baxter, S. L., Xu, J., Xu, J., Zhou, X., & Zhang, K. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0307-0 · Cited by 2,246
Explainability for artificial intelligence in healthcare: a multidisciplinary perspective
the Precise4Q consortium, Amann, J., Blasimme, A., Vayena, E., Frey, D., & Madai, V. I. (2020) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01332-6 · Cited by 2,203
Resistance to Medical Artificial Intelligence
Longoni, C., Bonezzi, A., & Morewedge, C. K. (2019) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucz013 · Cited by 2,015
Big data in healthcare: management, analysis and future prospects
Dash, S., Shakyawar, S. K., Sharma, M., & Kaushik, S. (2019) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0217-0 · Cited by 1,747
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Wu, 2019, Wearable technology applications in healthcare: a literature review, Online J. Nurs. Inform., 23
- Kulkarni, 2014, Healthcare applications of the internet of things: a review, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol., 5, 6229
- Azzawi, 2016, A review on internet of things (IoT) in healthcare, Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 11, 10216
- Srivastava, 2018, Self-organised design of virtual reality simulator for identification and optimization of healthcare software components, J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput., 1
- Kumar, 2018, Healthcare solution based on machine learning applications in IOT and edge computing, Int. J. Pure Appl. Math., 119, 1473
- Ransikabum, 2019, Additive manufacturing-based healthcare 3D model for education: literature review and A feasibility study, 1
- Pathak, 2019, Humanitarian impact of drones in healthcare and disaster management, Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., 7, 201
- Tanwar, 2020, Blockchain-based electronic healthcare record system for healthcare 4.0 applications, J. Inf. Secur. Appl., 50
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Osama, M., Ateya, A. A., Sayed, M. S., Hammad, M. A., Pławiak, P., El‐Latif, A. A. A., & Elsayed, R. A. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23177435 · Cited by 261
Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R. P., & Suman, R. (2023) · Cyber Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.csa.2023.100016 · Cited by 224
Self-citationExploring the revolution in healthcare systems through the applications of digital twin technology
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., & Suman, R. (2023) · Biomedical Technology · doi:10.1016/j.bmt.2023.02.001 · Cited by 210
Self-citationMathkor, D. M., Mathkor, N., Bassfar, Z., Bantun, F., Sláma, P., Ahmad, F., & Haque, S. (2024) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2024.01.013 · Cited by 162
Assessing AI adoption in developing country academia: A trust and privacy-augmented UTAUT framework
Rana, M. M., Siddiqee, M. S., Sakib, M. N., & Ahamed, M. R. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37569 · Cited by 143
Metadata
- Authors
- Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Pratap Singh, R., & Suman, R.
- Affiliations
- Jamia Millia Islamia (IN)
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Javaid, Mohd
- Venue
- Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 12-30
- ISSN
- 2667-3452 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4224055696
- Semantic Scholar
- 6aad7c44242e2148b0cac848aa933f33cd0d9467
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 411
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 211 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 102.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Keywords
- Fourth Industrial Revolution, Internet of Things, digitalization of healthcare, patient-centered care, cloud computing, mobile computing, patient information, health care access, new medical technologies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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