CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 499Internet of Things and AITechnology and Human Factors in Education and HealthDigital Transformation in Industry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 382 of the 411 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet; none of the 123 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications

Open access
Haleem, Abid, Javaid, Mohd, Pratap Singh, Ravi, Suman, Rajiv·2022·Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems
DOI 10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.04.001
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The Fourth Industrial Revolution may help many sectors and industries, whereas healthcare will be significantly impacted. Medical advances will be swifter, better and more effective, quickly providing medications to patients. It will act as a leveller for healthcare services by making them available to everybody. Medical 4.0 is the fourth medical revolution, employing emerging technologies to create significant advancements in healthcare. New medical 4.0 technology has advanced significantly, ranging from mobile computing to cloud computing, over the previous decade and is now ready to be employed as commercially accessible, networked systems. Expanding and with higher life expectancies, there is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations. This paper explores Medical 4.0 and its demand in the healthcare sector and discusses various progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 Practices are discussed diagrammatically. Medical 4.0 envisions a strongly interconnected health system. A hospital bed can be connected to the network and use patient data via the Internet of Things (IoT). Finally, this paper explores & provides the significant applications of Medical 4.0 for healthcare services. In addition to being creative, Medical 4.0 decreases the healthcare burden in affluent nations and offers good services to less developed countries, providing comprehensive and high-quality treatment. Medical 4.0 is characterised by technical discoveries and developments in the medical profession to encourage patient-centred therapy and drugs. This digital transformation, where patients' data will be electronically collected and utilised by technology to better understand and diagnose them, replaces the doctor-centric treatment techniques with a patient-centric paradigm.

Checked 2026-10-09 · 1 reference not checked yet

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review describes Medical 4.0 as the fourth medical revolution, using emerging technologies such as IoT, AI, VR, big data, 5G, robotics, and blockchain to create interconnected, patient-centred healthcare. It discusses the need for Medical 4.0, progressive implementation steps, smart features, and applications across telemedicine, wearables, AI, data science, IoT, RPA, VR, edge computing, intelligent apps, additive manufacturing, 3D scanning, tissue engineering, big data, 5G, drones, nanomedicine, IoB, cybersecurity, and blockchain.

Key findings

  • Medical 4.0 is characterised as a patient-centric digital transformation that replaces doctor-centric treatment techniques, aiming to make healthcare more available, accurate, individualised, and lower cost; no numerical outcomes are reported.
  • The paper identifies progressive implementation steps: patient data collection and past medical records, processing with smart systems such as AI, machine learning, IoT, and cloud computing, then compilation of analysed data into improved patient records.
  • It lists major applications including telemedicine, sensors and wearable technology, artificial intelligence, data science, IoT, robotic process automation, virtual reality, edge computing, intelligent apps, additive manufacturing, 3D scanning, tissue engineering, big data, 5G, drones, nanomedicine, Internet of Behaviours, cybersecurity, and blockchain.
  • The paper states Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages and that a comprehensive picture may not yet exist.

Methods

  • Literature review-based study using Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, and other databases.
  • Search terms included “Medical 4.0 technologies (All technologies)” and “Healthcare”; the most relevant papers were selected and critically discussed.
  • No primary data, sample size, or quantitative analysis is reported.

Limitations

  • The paper states that smart technologies have limitations, as do the humans who power them; human skill and learning curves differ, and innate strengths in traditional work may not translate proportionally when innovative technology is introduced.
  • The paper states that digital transformation will be widespread but slower than the Internet’s digital disruption, and that companies are often conservative due to extensive investment cycles.
  • Evident from the text: the review lacks a systematic review protocol, explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria, and empirical validation; many claims are broad and supported by narrative citation rather than reported outcomes.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.04.001

Cites

382 of 383 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

0 of 123 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

Show all 45 claims

  • Probably not a substantial claim. 55
  • It may state two separate claims as one. 44
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
86 of 86

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations due to expanding and higher life expectancies.

    “Expanding and with higher life expectancies, there is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Patients can entrust sensitive personal information to healthcare professionals.

    “Patients can entrust sensitive personal information to healthcare professionals.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Most healthcare providers have begun growing to produce to give fresh meals and have eliminated as many items as feasible.

    “Most healthcare providers have begun growing to produce to give fresh meals and have eliminated as many items as feasible.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Combining wearable monitors with other data sensor sources saves money and time and allows older patients and others with long-term health concerns to effectively track their progress and difficulties.

    “They save money and time by combining wearable monitors with other data sensor sources, allowing older patients and others with long-term health concerns to effectively track their progress and difficulties.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Smart monitoring can aid in detecting early symptoms of illness, resulting in better treatment approaches and prevention.

    “Smart monitoring can aid in detecting early symptoms of illness, resulting in better treatment approaches and prevention.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The most significant advantage of AI and healthcare technology is that they offer correct findings more quickly.

    “The most significant advantage of AI and healthcare technology is that they offer correct findings more quickly.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Data science is critical in monitoring patients' health and informing essential measures to avoid potential illnesses.

    “Data Science is critical in monitoring patients' health and informing essential measures to be made to avoid potential illnesses from occurring.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Smartphone applications enrich human lives by managing personal and professional relationships and activities practically, engagingly, and dynamically.

    “Smartphone applications enrich human lives by managing personal/ professional relationships/activities practically, engaging, and dynamic.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The demand for efficient regeneration therapies is increasing due to the large ageing population, environmental concerns, rising lifestyle problems such as stress, obesity, and diabetes, as well as an increase in trauma cases.

    “The demand for efficient regeneration therapies is increasing due to the large ageing population, environmental concerns, rising lifestyle problems such as stress, obesity, and diabetes, as well as an increase in trauma cases.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The existing healthcare digital infrastructure does not entirely support the essentially necessary security or interoperability.

    “The existing system does not entirely support the essentially necessary security or interoperability.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Data breaches in health care have a significant financial impact.

    “Because data breaches in health care have a significant financial impact”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Protected health information is among individuals' most sensitive private data.

    “Because protected health information is among individuals' most sensitive private data”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages, and we may not have a comprehensive picture.

    “Indeed, Medical 4.0 is still in its early stages, and we may not have a comprehensive picture.”
13 of 13

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Telemedicine and telehealth are defined both as equivalent and as distinct

    Minor

    Section 8.1 presents telehealth as another name for telemedicine, then says telehealth is broader and includes non-clinical services. Those definitions do not describe the same scope.

1 of 1

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

28 of the 411 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Wu, 2019, Wearable technology applications in healthcare: a literature review, Online J. Nurs. Inform., 23
  2. Kulkarni, 2014, Healthcare applications of the internet of things: a review, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol., 5, 6229
  3. Azzawi, 2016, A review on internet of things (IoT) in healthcare, Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 11, 10216
  4. Srivastava, 2018, Self-organised design of virtual reality simulator for identification and optimization of healthcare software components, J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput., 1
  5. Kumar, 2018, Healthcare solution based on machine learning applications in IOT and edge computing, Int. J. Pure Appl. Math., 119, 1473
  6. Ransikabum, 2019, Additive manufacturing-based healthcare 3D model for education: literature review and A feasibility study, 1
  7. Pathak, 2019, Humanitarian impact of drones in healthcare and disaster management, Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., 7, 201
  8. Tanwar, 2020, Blockchain-based electronic healthcare record system for healthcare 4.0 applications, J. Inf. Secur. Appl., 50

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 499

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Pratap Singh, R., & Suman, R.
Affiliations
  • Jamia Millia Islamia (IN)
  • Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (IN)
Corresponding author
Javaid, Mohd
ORCID
Venue
Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022
Volume
2
Pages
12-30
ISSN
2667-3452 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.04.001
OpenAlex
W4224055696
Semantic Scholar
6aad7c44242e2148b0cac848aa933f33cd0d9467
Cited by
468
References
411
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 211 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 8
FWCI
102.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
Keywords
Fourth Industrial Revolution, Internet of Things, digitalization of healthcare, patient-centered care, cloud computing, mobile computing, patient information, health care access, new medical technologies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review