An evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms of immunosenescence
Open accessAbstract
There is an accumulating body of evidence that a decline in immune function with age is common to most if not all vertebrates. For instance, age-associated thymic involution seems to occur in all species that possess a thymus, indicating that this process is evolutionary ancient and conserved. The precise mechanisms regulating immunosenescence remain to be resolved, but much of what we do know is consistent with modern evolutionary theory. In this review, we assess our current knowledge from an evolutionary perspective on the occurrence of immunosenescence, we show that life history trade-offs play a key role and we highlight the possible advantages of the age-related decline in thymic function.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The number of naïve T cells decreases following the involution of primary lymphoid organs, because age-related defects have been observed in their stroma.
“In addition, their number decreases following the involution of primary lymphoid organs, because age-related defects have been observed in their stroma.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
An abrupt contraction of the naïve compartment is seen in later life.
“An abrupt contraction is seen in later life.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
At the age of 50, T cell production is <10% of its previous peak levels.
“Therefore, at the age of 50, T cell production is <10% of its previous peak levels.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
The reduced ability to respond to new antigens is linked to a decreased number of peripheral naïve T and B cells.
“The reduced ability to respond to new antigens is linked to a decreased number of peripheral naïve T and B cells (see last paragraph of this section).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence
FRANCESCHI, C., BONAFÈ, M., VALENSIN, S., OLIVIERI, F., DE LUCA, M., OTTAVIANI, E., & DE BENEDICTIS, G. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x · Cited by 5,358 · see citing works
Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence.
Williams, G. C. (1957) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x · Cited by 4,279 · see citing works
The moulding of senescence by natural selection
Hamilton, W. D. O. (1966) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6 · Cited by 2,273 · see citing works
Franceschi, C., Capri, M., Monti, D., Giunta, S., Olivieri, F., Sevini, F., Panourgia, M. P., Invidia, L., Celani, L., Scurti, M., et al. (2007) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016 · Cited by 2,087 · see citing works
Kirkwood, T. B. L. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/270301a0 · Cited by 2,007 · see citing works
Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence
Williams, G. C. (1957) · Evolution · doi:10.2307/2406060 · Cited by 1,912 · see citing works
AN UNSOLVED PROBLEM OF BIOLOGY
(1953) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1953.tb84985.x · Cited by 1,805 · see citing works
Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Austad, S. N. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35041682 · Cited by 1,774 · see citing works
IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE THYMUS
MILLER, J. (1961) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)90693-6 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
Evolution of senescence: late survival sacrificed for reproduction
Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Rose, M. R. (1991) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0028 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
Th 1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy
Raghupathy, R. (1997) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(97)01127-4 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population
Aw, D., Silva, A. B., & Palmer, D. B. (2007) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02555.x · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Medawar, P. B., & Medawar, P. B. (1953) · Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Garigan, D., Hsu, A.-L., Fraser, A. G., Kamath, R. S., Ahringer, J., & Kenyon, C. (2002) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/161.3.1101 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Immune Defense and Host Life History
Zuk, M., & Stoehr, A. M. (2002) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/342131 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Inflammatory Exposure and Historical Changes in Human Life-Spans
Finch, C., & Crimmins, E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092556 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Age-Associated Characteristics of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Sudo, K., Ema, H., Morita, Y., & Nakauchi, H. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.9.1273 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Induction of T H 1 and T H 2 Immunity in Neonatal Mice
Forsthuber, T. G., Yip, H. C., & Lehmann, P. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5256.1728 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age
Siegrist, C.-A., & Aspinall, R. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2508 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Salminen, A., Huuskonen, J., Ojala, J., Kauppinen, A., Kaarniranta, K., & Suuronen, T. (2008) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2007.09.002 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Howard, J. K., Lord, G. M., Matarese, G., Vendetti, S., Ghatei, M. A., Ritter, M. A., Lechler, R. I., & Bloom, S. R. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci6762 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Activation of Thymic Regeneration in Mice and Humans following Androgen Blockade
Sutherland, J. S., Goldberg, G. L., Hammett, M. V., Uldrich, A. P., Berzins, S. P., Heng, T. S. P., Blazar, B. R., Millar, J. L., Malin, M., Chidgey, A. P., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2741 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
β-LACTAMASE-PRODUCING ANÆROBES
Ingham, H. R., Sprott, M., & Selkon, J. B. (1980) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)91972-8 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Infection, inflammation, height, and longevity
Crimmins, E. M., & Finch, C. E. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501470103 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Developmental kinetics, turnover, and stimulatory capacity of thymic epithelial cells
Gray, D. H. D., Seach, N., Ueno, T., Milton, M. K., Liston, A., Lew, A. M., Goodnow, C. C., & Boyd, R. L. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-004531 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
The Involution of the Ageing Human Thymic Epithelium is Independent of Puberty
Steinmann, G. G., KLAUS, B. M., & Müller-Hermelink, H. K. (1985) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01916.x · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Innate immunity and inflammation in ageing: a key for understanding age-related diseases
Licastro, F., Candore, G., Lio, D., Porcellini, E., Colonna-Romano, G., Franceschi, C., & Caruso, C. (2005) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/1742-4933-2-8 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
The ageing immune system: is it ever too old to become young again?
Dorshkind, K., Montecino-Rodriguez, E., & Signer, R. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2471 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Human immunosenescence: is it infectious?
Pawelec, G., Akbar, A., Caruso, C., Solana, R., Grubeck‐Loebenstein, B., & Wikby, A. (2005) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00271.x · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Experimental evolution of aging, growth, and reproduction in fruitflies
Stearns, S. C., Ackermann, M., Doebeli, M., & Kaiser, M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3309 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Lee, R. D. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1530303100 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Amdam, G. V., Simões, Z. L. P., Hagen, A. R., Norberg, K., Schrøder, K. H., Mikkelsen, Ø., Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Omholt, S. W. (2004) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2004.02.010 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Thymic involution with ageing: obsolescence or good housekeeping?
George, A. J. T., & Ritter, M. A. (1996) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(96)80543-3 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
The case for negative senescence
Vaupel, J. W., Baudisch, A., Dölling, M., Roach, D. A., & Gampe, J. (2004) · Theoretical Population Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2003.12.003 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology
McDade, T. W. (2003) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.10398 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Pawelec, G. (1998) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/a266 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Inflammation and oxidative stress in vertebrate host–parasite systems
Sorci, G., & Faivre, B. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0151 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
A test of evolutionary theories of senescence
Rose, M. R., & Charlesworth, B. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/287141a0 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Retarded senescence in an insular population of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana)
Austad, S. N. (1993) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02665.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Hale, J. S., Boursalian, T. E., Turk, G. L., & Fink, P. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601040103 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Fisher, Medawar, Hamilton and the Evolution of Aging
Charlesworth, B. (2000) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/156.3.927 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Season of birth predicts mortality in rural Gambia
Moore, S. E., Cole, T. J., Poskitt, E. M. E., Sonko, B. J., Whitehead, R. G., McGregor, I. A., & Prentice, A. M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41245 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
DIRECT SELECTION ON LIFE SPAN INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Zwaan, B. J., Bijlsma, R., & Hoekstra, R. F. (1995) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02301.x · Cited by 305 · see citing works
The Thymus Is a Common Target Organ in Infectious Diseases
Savino, W. (2006) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020062 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
T cell development and receptor diversity during aging
Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2005) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.07.020 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Neonates Support Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation
Min, B., McHugh, R. S., Sempowski, G. D., Mackall, C. L., Foucras, G., & Paul, W. E. (2003) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00508-3 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
ANTAGONISTIC PLEIOTROPY, MORTALITY SOURCE INTERACTIONS, AND THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF SENESCENCE
Williams, P. D., & Day, T. (2003) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00356.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The shaping of senescence in the wild
WILLIAMS, P., Day, T., Fletcher, Q. E., & Rowe, L. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.008 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Cytokines, leptin, and stress‐induced thymic atrophy
Gruver, A. L., & Sempowski, G. (2008) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0108025 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Foxn1 is required to maintain the postnatal thymic microenvironment in a dosage-sensitive manner
Chen, L., Xiao, S., & Manley, N. R. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-05-156265 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is required for postnatal thymic regeneration.
Alpdogan, O., Hubbard, V. M., Smith, O. M., Patel, N., Lu, S., Goldberg, G. L., Gray, D. H., Feinman, J., Kochman, A. A., Eng, J. M., et al. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-07-2831 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Aging of the innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster
Zerofsky, M. S., Harel, E., Silverman, N. S., & Tatar, M. (2005) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9728.2005.00147.x · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Effects of Castration on Thymocyte Development in Two Different Models of Thymic Involution
Heng, T. S. P., Goldberg, G. L., Gray, D. H. D., Sutherland, J. S., Chidgey, A. P., & Boyd, R. L. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2982 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Reduction in the Developmental Potential of Intrathymic T Cell Progenitors with Age
Min, H., Montecino-Rodriguez, E., & Dorshkind, K. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.245 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Rossi, S. W., Jeker, L. T., Ueno, T., Kuse, S., Keller, M. P., Zuklys, S., Gudkov, A. V., Takahama, Y., Krenger, W., Blazar, B. R., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-049767 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Min, D., Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A., Kuro-o, M., Holländer, G. A., Blazar, B. R., & Weinberg, K. I. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-043794 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
T cell receptor excision circle assessment of thymopoiesis in aging mice
Sempowski, G. D., Gooding, M. E., Liao, H. X., Le, P. T., & Haynes, B. F. (2002) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00122-5 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Ortman, C. (2002) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxf042 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Jackson, J. A., Friberg, I. M., Little, S., & Bradley, J. E. (2008) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03010.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
IMMUNE SUPPRESSION AND THE COST OF REPRODUCTION IN THE GROUND CRICKET, ALLONEMOBIUS SOCIUS
Fedorka, K. M., Zuk, M., & Mousseau, T. A. (2004) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00877.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The evolution of senescence from a comparative perspective
Ricklefs, R. E. (2008) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01420.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Impact of aging on innate immunity
Pawelec, G., Solana, R., Remarque, E. J., & Mariani, E. (1998) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.64.6.703 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Klasing, K. C. (2003) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 161 · see citing works
McDade, T. W., Reyes‐García, V., Tanner, S. N., Huanca, T., & Leonard, W. R. (2008) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20831 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
ENHANCED TYPE 2 AND DIMINISHED TYPE 1 CYTOKINES IN NEONATAL TOLERANCE
Chen, N., & Field, E. H. (1995) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199504150-00002 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Life history, maintenance, and the early origins of immune function
McDade, T. W. (2004) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.20095 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Bertho, J., Demarquay, C., Moulian, N., der Meeren, A. V., Berrih‐Aknin, S., & Gourmelon, P. (1997) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1006/cimm.1997.1148 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Direct Selection on Life Span in Drosophila melanogaster
Zwaan, B. J., Bijlsma, R., & Hoekstra, R. F. (1995) · Evolution · doi:10.2307/2410318 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Aging and Inflammation in Two Epidemiological Worlds
Gurven, M., Kaplan, H. S., Winking, J., Finch, C. E., & Crimmins, E. M. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.2.196 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Singh, R., Hahn, B. H., & Sercarz, E. E. (1996) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.183.4.1613 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Lee, H.-H., Hoeman, C. M., Hardaway, J. C., Guloglu, F. B., Ellis, J. S., JAIN, R. K., Divekar, R. D., Tartar, D. M., Haymaker, C., & Zaghouani, H. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20071371 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Inflammation, ageing and cancer
Vasto, S., Carruba, G., Lio, D., Colonna‐Romano, G., Bona, D. D., Candore, G., & Caruso, C. (2008) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2008.06.003 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Architectural changes in the thymus of aging mice
Aw, D., Silva, A. B., Maddick, M., Von Zglinicki, T., & Palmer, D. B. (2008) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00365.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Transendothelial migration and trafficking of leukocytes in LFA-1-deficient mice
Andrew, D. P., Spellberg, J. P., Takimoto, H., Schmits, R., Mak, T. W., & Zukowski, M. M. (1998) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199806)28:06 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Basal metabolic rate and the evolution of the adaptive immune system
Råberg, L., Vestberg, M., Hasselquist, D., Holmdahl, R., SVENSSON, E. I., & Nilsson, J. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1953 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Age‐related changes in the avian primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius)
Ciriaco, E., Pérez‐Piñera, P., Díaz‐Esnal, B., & Laurà, R. (2003) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.10416 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Gui, J., Zhu, X., Dohkan, J., Cheng, L., Barnes, P. F., & Su, D.-M. (2007) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm095 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Age-Related Decrease in Mouse T Cell Progenitors
Tyan, M. L. (1977) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.118.3.846 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine interactions in the immune system
Taub, D. D. (2008) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.05.006 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Advanced age in horses affects divisional history of T cells and inflammatory cytokine production
Adams, A. A., Breathnach, C. C., Katepalli, M. P., Köhler, K., & Horohov, D. W. (2008) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2008.09.004 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Thymic atrophy in the mouse is a soluble problem of the thymic environment
Aspinall, R., & Andrew, D. (2000) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00498-3 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
T cells and the thymus in developing zebrafish
Danilova, N. (2004) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2003.12.003 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lymphohematopoietic progenitors do not have a synchronized defect with age‐related thymic involution
Zhu, X., Gui, J., Dohkan, J., Cheng, L., Barnes, P. F., & Su, D. (2007) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00325.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Schüler, T., Hämmerling, G. J., & Arnold, B. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.15 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Immunosenescence in some but not all immune components in a free-living vertebrate, the tree swallow
Palacios, M. G., Cunnick, J. E., Winkler, D. W., & Vleck, C. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0192 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Modelling the disposable soma theory of ageing
Drenos, F., & Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2004) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.026 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Optimizing human fertility and survival
Westendorp, R. G. J., van Dunné, F. M., Kirkwood, T. B. L., Helmerhorst, F. M., & Huizinga, T. W. J. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/90868 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Birth season and environmental influences on patterns of thymic growth in rural Gambian infants
Collinson, A., Moore, S. E., Cole, T. J., & Prentice, A. M. (2003) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02568.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Morphologic transformation of the thymus in developing zebrafish
Lam, S. H., Chua, H., Gong, Z., Wen, Z., Lam, T. J., & Sin, Y. M. (2002) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.10127 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Aspinall, R., Pido-Lopez, J., Imami, N., Henson, S. M., N’Gom, P. T., Morre, M., Niphuis, H., Remarque, E. J., Rosenwirth, B., & Heeney, J. L. (2007) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2006.9098 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Comparative Studies of Senescence in Natural Populations of Guppies
Bryant, M. J., & Reznick, D. N. (2004) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/380650 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Inherited Variability of the Mitochondrial Genome and Successful Aging in Humans
BENEDICTIS, G. D., Carrieri, G., Varcasia, O., Bonafè, M., & Franceschi, C. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06648.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Age-related alterations to immune parameters in Labrador retriever dogs
Blount, D. G., PRITCHARD, D. I., & Heaton, P. R. (2005) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.06.015 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Reassessing the role of growth hormone and sex steroids in thymic involution
Min, H., Montecino‐Rodriguez, E., & Dorshkind, K. A. (2005) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2005.08.015 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Clise-Dwyer, K., Huston, G. E., Buck, A. L., Duso, D. K., & Swain, S. L. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1321 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cellular Mechanism of Thymic Involution
Li, L., Hsu, H., William, G. E., Stockard, C. R., Ho, K. ‐., Lott, P. P. W., Yang, P., Zhang, H., & Mountz, J. D. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01206.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The thymus in the mouse changes its activity during pregnancy: a study of the microenvironment
Kendall, M. D., & Clarke, A. G. (2000) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730393.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Aging of the vertebrate immune system
Torroba, M., & Zapata, A. G. (2003) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.10409 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Age-related differences in parameters of feline immune status
Campbell, D. J., Rawlings, J. M., Koelsch, S., Wallace, J., Strain, J., & HANNIGAN, B. M. (2004) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.03.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Naturally occurring genetic variation in the age‐specific immune response of Drosophila melanogaster
Lesser, K. J., Paiusi, I. C., & Leips, J. (2006) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00219.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Why does the thymus involute? A selection-based hypothesis
Dowling, M. R., & Hodgkin, P. D. (2009) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2009.04.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The effect of age and telomere length on immune function in the horse
Katepalli, M. P., Adams, A. A., Lear, T. L., & Horohov, D. W. (2008) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2008.06.007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Phenotypical and morphological changes in the thymic microenvironment from ageing mice
Aw, D., Taylor‐Brown, F., Cooper, K., & Palmer, D. B. (2008) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-008-9182-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A hallmark of balancing selection is present at the promoter region of interleukin 10
Wilson, J. N., Rockett, K. A., Keating, B. J., Jallow, M., Pinder, M., Sisay-Joof, F., Newport, M. J., & Kwiatkowski, D. P. (2006) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364336 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Regulation of Human Life Histories
van Bodegom, D., May, L., Meij, H. J., & Westendorp, R. G. J. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1395.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Eaton, S. M., Maue, A. C., Swain, S. L., & Haynes, L. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4825 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Elton, S., & O’Higgins, P. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420051377 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Accelerated immunosenescence in preindustrial twin mothers
Helle, S., Lummaa, V., & Jokela, J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402215101 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ecoimmunology: is there any room for the neuroendocrine system?
Ottaviani, E., Malagoli, D., Capri, M., & Franceschi, C. (2008) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20801 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Is thymocyte development functional in the aged?
Aw, D., Silva, A. B., & Palmer, D. B. (2009) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100027 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Modelling naive T‐cell homeostasis: consequences of heritable cellular lifespan during ageing
Dowling, M. R., & Hodgkin, P. D. (2009) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2009.11 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Drenos, F., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2006) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-006-9027-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sozou, P. D., & Seymour, R. M. (2004) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2614 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Leposavić, G., Pešić, V., Kosec, D. J., Radojević, K., Arsenović-Ranin, N., Pilipović, I., Nanut, M. P., & Plećaš‐Solarović, B. (2006) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2006.03.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The.Role.of.Helminthes.in.Human.Evolution:. Implications.for.Global.Health.in.the.21st.Century
Elton, S., & O'Higgins, P. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420051377-13 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fetal Exposure to High-Avidity TCR Ligand Enhances Expansion of Peripheral T Regulatory Cells
Yu, P., Haymaker, C., Divekar, R. D., Ellis, J. S., Hardaway, J. C., JAIN, R. K., Tartar, D. M., Hoeman, C. M., Cascio, J. A., Ostermeier, A., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.73 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Age‐dependent changes in thymuses in the European common frog, Rana temporaria
Płytycz, B., Mika, J., & Bigaj, J. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/jez.1402730602 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chemical Complexity and the Genetics of Aging
Pletcher, S. D., Kabil, H., & Partridge, L. (2007) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095634 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Declining Immunity with Age in the Wild
Holmes, D. J., & Austad, S. N. (2004) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2004.21.pe22 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Qian, P., & Huang, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8 · Cited by 1,443 · see citing works
“In addition, the majority of functional cells are substituted with senescent fibroblasts and adipocytes, and stromal cells during thymus aging.(88,111,112) In the aged mouse thymus, elevated levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX and the Table 1.”
BackgroundSpeakman, J. R., & Mitchell, S. E. (2011) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2011.07.001 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, C. M., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N., & Accardi, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Age and immunity: What is “immunosenescence”?
Pawelec, G. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity?
Santoro, A., Bientinesi, E., & Monti, D. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
The Effect of Age on Thymic Function
Palmer, D. B. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00316 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination
Pinti, M., Appay, V., Campisi, J., Frasca, D., Fülöp, T., Sauce, D., Larbi, A., Weinberger, B., & Cossarizza, A. (2016) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201546178 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Ageing of the human metaorganism: the microbial counterpart
Biagi, E., Candela, M., Fairweather‐Tait, S. J., Franceschi, C., & Brigidi, P. (2011) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9217-5 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Thymic involution and rising disease incidence with age
Palmer, S., Albergante, L., Blackburn, C. C., & Newman, T. J. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1714478115 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Human Hemato-Lymphoid System Mice: Current Use and Future Potential for Medicine
Rongvaux, A., Takizawa, H., Strowig, T., Willinger, T., Eynon, E. E., Flavell, R. A., & Manz, M. G. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095921 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
The Immune System and Its Dysregulation with Aging
Müller, L., Benedetto, S. D., & Pawelec, G. (2019) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_2 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Ageing and gut microbes: Perspectives for health maintenance and longevity
Biagi, E., Candela, M., Turroni, S., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., & Brigidi, P. (2013) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.005 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Eisenberg, D. T. A. (2010) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21127 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Gui, J., Mustachio, L. M., Su, D., & Craig, R. W. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Thymus and aging: morphological, radiological, and functional overview
Rezzani, R., Nardo, L., Favero, G., Peroni, M., & Rodella, L. F. (2013) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9564-5 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Ageing compromises mouse thymus function and remodels epithelial cell differentiation
Baran‐Gale, J., Morgan, M. D., Maio, S., Dhalla, F., Calvo‐Asensio, I., Deadman, M. E., Handel, A. E., Maynard, A., Chen, S., Green, F., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.56221 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Calcium channel ITPR2 and mitochondria–ER contacts promote cellular senescence and aging
Ziegler, D. V., Vindrieux, D., Goehrig, D., Jaber, S., Collin, G., Griveau, A., Wiel, C., Bendridi, N., Djebali, S., Farfariello, V., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20993-z · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection
Tu, W., & Rao, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The Nlrp3 inflammasome promotes age-related thymic demise and immunosenescence
Youm, Y.-H., Kanneganti, T.-D., Vandanmagsar, B., Zhu, X., Ravussin, A., Adijiang, A., Owen, J. S., Thomas, M. J., Francis, J., Parks, J. S., et al. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2011.11.005 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in Amphibians
Colombo, B. M., Scalvenzi, T., Benlamara, S., & Pollet, N. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00111 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
B cell maintenance and function in aging
Kogut, I., Scholz, J. L., Cancro, M. P., & Cambier, J. C. (2012) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.004 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Molecular control over thymic involution: From cytokines and micro RNA to aging and adipose tissue
Dooley, J., & Liston, A. (2012) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201142305 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Synchrony of telomere length among hematopoietic cells
Kimura, M., Gazitt, Y., Cao, X., Zhao, X. R., Lansdorp, P. M., & Aviv, A. (2010) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2010.06.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Cancer and Aging - the Inflammatory Connection
Zinger, A., Cho, W. C. S., & Ben‐Yehuda, A. (2017) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2016.1230 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle
Munblit, D., Peroni, D. G., Boix-Amorós, A., Hsu, P. S., Land, B. V., Gay, M. C. L., Kolotilina, A., Skevaki, C. L., Boyle, R. J., Collado, M. C., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9080894 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Immunosenescence and pneumococcal disease: an imbalance in host-pathogen interactions.
Krone, C. L., van de Groep, K., Trzciński, K., Sanders, E. A. M., & Bogaert, D. (2014) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70165-6 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Karrman, K., & Johansson, B. (2016) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.22416 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response
Ardia, D. R., Parmentier, H. K., & Vogel, L. A. (2010) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01759.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Immunology of the ageing kidney
Sato, Y., & Yanagita, M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-019-0185-9 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Sekai, M., Hamazaki, Y., & Minato, N. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.011 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Physiology and pathology of T-cell aging
Minato, N., Hattori, M., & Hamazaki, Y. (2020) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa006 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
A Decline in p38 MAPK Signaling Underlies Immunosenescence in Caenorhabditis elegans
Youngman, M. J., Rogers, Z. N., & Kim, D. H. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002082 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways
Taub, D. D., Murphy, W. J., & Longo, D. L. (2010) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.015 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Abrams, E. T., & Miller, E. M. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21621 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Glynn, J. R., & Moss, P. A. H. (2020) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-020-00668-y · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Impact of age on T cell signaling: A general defect or specific alterations?
Larbi, A., Pawelec, G., Wong, S. C., Goldeck, D., Tai, J. J.-Y., & Fulop, T. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.008 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
MicroRNA-29 in the adaptive immune system: setting the threshold
Liston, A., Papadopoulou, A. S., Danso‐Abeam, D., & Dooley, J. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1124-0 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The C. elegans healthspan and stress-resistance assay toolkit
Keith, S. A., Amrit, F. R. G., Ratnappan, R., & Ghazi, A. (2014) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.04.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Immunosenescence in wild animals: meta‐analysis and outlook
Peters, A., Delhey, K. J. V., Nakagawa, S., Aulsebrook, A. E., & Verhulst, S. (2019) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13343 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Cellular senescence as a potential mediator of COVID‐19 severity in the elderly
Nehme, J., Borghesan, M., Mackedenski, S., Bird, T. G., & Demaria, M. (2020) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13237 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Early-life inflammation, immune response and ageing
Khan, I., Agashe, D., & Rolff, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0125 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The untwining of immunosenescence and aging
Xu, W., Wong, G. C. L., Hwang, Y. Y., & Larbi, A. (2020) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Ventevogel, M. S., & Sempowski, G. D. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.06.002 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage
Franzin, R., Stasi, A., Fiorentino, M., Stallone, G., Cantaluppi, V., Gesualdo, L., & Castellano, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Aging and immunity – Impact of behavioral intervention
Müller, L., & Pawelec, G. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.015 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A Wild C. Elegans Strain Has Enhanced Epithelial Immunity to a Natural Microsporidian Parasite
Balla, K. M., Andersen, E. C., Kruglyak, L., & Troemel, E. R. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004583 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Age‐related variation in immunity in a wild mammal population
Nussey, D. H., Watt, K., Pilkington, J. G., Zamoyska, R., & McNeilly, T. N. (2011) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00771.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Elyahu, Y., & Monsonego, A. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101231 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Segner, H., Verburg-van Kemenade, B. M. L., & Chadzinska, M. (2017) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A probiotics-containing biscuit modulates the intestinal microbiota in the elderly
Rampelli, S., Candela, M., Severgnini, M., Biagi, E., Turroni, S., Roselli, M., Carnevali, P., Donini, L. M., & Brigidi, P. (2012) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0372-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Maintenance of a healthy trajectory of the intestinal microbiome during aging: A dietary approach
Candela, M., Biagi, E., Brigidi, P., O’Toole, P. W., & de Vos, W. M. (2013) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.004 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease
Cugini, C., Ramasubbu, N., Tsiagbe, V. K., & Fine, D. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.617485 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution
Barbouti, A., Vasileiou, P. V. S., Evangelou, K., Vlasis, K. G., Papoudou‐Bai, A., Gorgoulis, V. G., & Kanavaros, P. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/7986071 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wells, J. C. K. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511972959 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation of the immune system in health and disease
Fernández-Morera, J. L., Calvanese, V., Rodríguez‐Rodero, S., Torre, E. L. M., & Fraga, M. F. (2010) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01587.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Angiotensin type 2 receptors: Role in aging and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra
Rodriguez-Perez, A. I., Garrido‐Gil, P., Pedrosa, M. A., García-Garrote, M., Valenzuela, R., Navarro, G., Franco, R., & Labandeira-García, J. L. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.011 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Trosvik, P., de Muinck, E. J., Rueness, E. K., Fashing, P. J., Beierschmitt, E. C., Callingham, K. R., Kraus, J. B., Trew, T. H., Moges, A., Mekonnen, A. D., et al. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0468-6 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cellular senescence in lymphoid organs and immunosenescence
Budamagunta, V., Foster, T. C., & Zhou, D. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203405 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Thymus Degeneration and Regeneration
Duah, M., Li, L., Shen, J., Lan, Q., Pan, B., & Xu, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.706244 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The origin and implication of thymic involution.
Aw, D., & Palmer, D. B. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Palacios, M. G., Winkler, D. W., Klasing, K. C., Hasselquist, D., & Vleck, C. M. (2010) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/10-0662.1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Carbonylation of the cytoskeletal protein actin leads to aggregate formation
Castro, J. P., Ott, C., Jung, T., Grune, T., & Almeida, H. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Impact of immune-metabolic interactions on age-related thymic demise and T cell senescence
Dixit, V. D. (2012) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Bacteria and the Aging and Longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans
Kim, D. H. (2013) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133352 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Into the wild: digging at immunology's evolutionary roots
Maizels, R. M., & Nussey, D. H. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2643 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The RANKL-RANK Axis: A Bone to Thymus Round Trip
Sobacchi, C., Menale, C., & VILLA, A. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00629 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Boraschi, D., Giudice, G. D., Dutel, C., Ivanoff, B., Rappuoli, R., & Grubeck‐Loebenstein, B. (2010) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.035 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Krone, C. L., Trzciński, K., Zborowski, T., Sanders, E. A. M., & Bogaert, D. (2013) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00618-13 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Causes and consequences of intra‐ and inter‐host heterogeneity in defence against nematodes
Hayward, A. D. (2013) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/pim.12054 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Immune senescence: significance of the stromal microenvironment
Masters, A. R., Haynes, L., Su, D.-M., & Palmer, D. B. (2016) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12851 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Postnatal Involution and Counter-Involution of the Thymus
Cowan, J. E., Takahama, Y., Bhandoola, A., & Ohigashi, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00897 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
TAM receptors in phagocytosis: Beyond the mere internalization of particles
Burstyn‐Cohen, T., & Fresia, R. (2023) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13267 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Yan, F., Mo, X., Liu, J., Ye, S., Zeng, X. Z., & Chen, D. (2017) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7525 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Aging and chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, therapy, management and the role of immunity
Tang, Y., Jiang, J., Zhao, Y., & Du, D. (2024) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfae235 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Hamazaki, Y., Sekai, M., & Minato, N. (2016) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12412 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Do natural antibodies compensate for humoral immunosenescence in tropical pythons?
Újvári, B., & Madsen, T. R. L. (2011) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01860.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sato, K., Kato, A., Sekai, M., Hamazaki, Y., & Minato, N. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1602005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis
Mancuso, S., Carlisi, M., Santoro, M., Napolitano, M., Raso, S., & Siragusa, S. M. (2018) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-018-0130-y · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Preleukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Corces, M. R., Chang, H. Y., & Majeti, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00263 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of voluntary wheel running on LPS-induced sickness behavior in aged mice
Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Greene, R. M., Johnson, S. J., Dantzer, R., Kelley, K. W., & Woods, J. A. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.014 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Acute Thymic Involution and Mechanisms for Recovery
Ansari, A. R., & Liu, H. (2017) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-017-0462-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
CD8+ T cell differentiation in the aging immune system: until the last clone standing
Buchholz, V. R., Neuenhahn, M., & Busch, D. H. (2011) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.05.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Generalized empirical Bayesian methods for discovery of differential data in high-throughput biology
Hardcastle, T. J. (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv569 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics
Bulut, O. P., Kılıç, G., & Domínguez‐Andrés, J. (2021) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-021-08905-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Le Page, A., Fortin, C., Garneau, H., Allard, N., Tsvetkova, K., Tan, C. T. Y., Larbi, A., Dupuis, G., & Fülöp, T. (2014) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/1478-811x-12-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Does the human immune system ever really become “senescent”?
Pawelec, G. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.11297.1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Barbouti, A., Evangelou, K., Pateras, I. S., Papoudou-Bai, A., Patereli, A., Stefanaki, K., Rontogianni, D., Muñoz-Espín, D., Kanavaros, P., & Gorgoulis, V. G. (2019) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2018.02.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Role of caspase-8 in thymus function
Pozzesi, N., Fierabracci, A., Liberati, A. M., Martelli, M. P., Ayroldi, E., Riccardi, C., & Delfino, D. V. (2013) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2013.166 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kellogg, C., & Equils, O. (2020) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1818519 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Tuft cells and fibroblasts promote thymus regeneration through ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response
Nevo, S., Frenkel, N., Kadouri, N., Gome, T., Rosenthal, N., Givony, T., Avin, A., Cruz, C. P., Kedmi, M., Lindzen, M., et al. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6930 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Immunosenescence: a product of the environment?
Su, D.-M., Aw, D., & Palmer, D. B. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.05.018 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The diseased kidney: aging and senescent immunology
Chi, M., Tian, Z., Ma, K., Li, Y., Wang, L., Nasser, M. I., & Liu, C. (2022) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-022-00313-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Xiao, R., Bergin, S. M., Huang, W., Mansour, A. G., Liu, X., Judd, R. T., Widstrom, K. J., Queen, N. J., Wilkins, R. K., Siu, J. J., et al. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.028 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hamazaki, Y. (2015) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201545844 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Khan, I., Prakash, A., & Agashe, D. (2015) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12433 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Barrier Immune Effectors Are Maintained during Transition from Nurse to Forager in the Honey Bee
Jefferson, J. M., Dolstad, H. A., Sivalingam, M. D., & Snow, J. W. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054097 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Zimmerman, L. M., Carter, A. W., Bowden, R. M., & Vogel, L. A. (2017) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12867 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury
Granadier, D., Acenas, D. D., II, & Dudakov, J. A. (2025) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01119-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Watson, R. L., McNeilly, T. N., Watt, K., Pemberton, J. M., Pilkington, J. G., Waterfall, M., Hopper, P. R. T., Cooney, D., Zamoyska, R., & Nussey, D. H. (2016) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.2584 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Immunosenescence as a convergence pathway in neurodegeneration
Mohapatra, L., Mishra, D. K., Tripathi, A. S., & Parida, S. K. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110521 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shanley, D. P., Aw, D., Manley, N. R., & Palmer, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Royal Veterinary College (GB)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shanley, Daryl P.
- Palmer, Donald B.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 374-381
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045107302
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RVC Research Online (Royal Veterinary College) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, thymic involution, aging, immune function decline, life-history trade-offs, evolutionary immunology, thymus, vertebrates
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Biological Evolution, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Reproduction, Thymus Gland, T-Lymphocyte Subsets
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
