Cited by 137Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Emotion Processing Influences Working Memory Circuits in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Passarotti, Alessandra M., Sweeney, John A., Pavuluri, Mani N.·2010·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Abstract

Objective This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined how working memory circuits are affected by face emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods A total of 23 patients with PBD, 14 patients with ADHD, and 19 healthy control (HC) subjects (mean age, 13.36 ± 2.55 years) underwent an affective, two-back fMRI task with blocks of happy, angry, and neutral faces.Results For angry versus neutral faces PBD patients, relative to ADHD patients, exhibited increased activation in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex, and reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and premotor cortex. Relative to the HC group, the PBD group showed no increased activation and reduced activation at the junction of DLPFC and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Relative to HC, the ADHD patients exhibited greater activation in the DLPFC and reduced activation in the ventral and medial PFC, pregenual ACC, striatum, and temporo-parietal regions. For happy versus neutral faces, relative to the ADHD group, the PBD group exhibited greater activation in the bilateral caudate, and relative to the HC group the ADHD group showed increased activation in the DLPFC, striatal, and parietal regions, and no reduced activation. The ADHD group, compared with the HC group, showed no reduced activation and increased activation in regions that were underactive for the angry face condition.Conclusions Relative to the ADHD group, the PBD group exhibited greater deployment of the emotion-processing circuitry and reduced deployment of working memory circuitry. Commonalities across PBD and ADHD patients, relative to the HC individuals, entailed cortico-subcortical activity that was reduced under negative emotional challenge and increased under positive emotional challenge.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.07.009

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  • Emotional Stroop task manipulation exacerbates performance deficits already evident in ADHD, suggesting performance drops off more steeply than in typical individuals under emotional challenge.

    “This manipulation exacerbates the performance deficits already evident in ADHD suggesting that performance drops off more steeply than it does in typical individuals under emotional challenge (91, 92).”

    From Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [91]

    The Behavioral Performance Results (page not available) report that angry faces slowed responses across groups, with no significant group-by-emotion effect; ADHD accuracy was only nonsignificantly lower than healthy controls. The Discussion likewise describes slower responses in all groups, not a steeper performance drop in ADHD. This study used an affective n-back task rather than an emotional Stroop task. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • During positive emotional distractors, ADHD patients showed greater activation in DLPFC, left temporal and occipital, and vmPFC/subgenual ACC, striatum, and temporo-parietal regions.

    “but greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; Passarotti et al., 2010), in left temporal and occipital (Hwang et al., 2015) and in vmPFC/subgenual ACC, striatum, and temporo-parietal regions (Passarotti et al., 2010; Posner et al., 2011a) during positive emotional distractors.”

    From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Passarotti et al., 2010

    The Results section on happy versus neutral faces (Table 3, Fig. 2b; page not provided) reports greater activation in ADHD than healthy controls in bilateral DLPFC, right caudate, and bilateral inferior parietal lobule. It reports dorsal ACC activation, but not greater vmPFC or subgenual ACC activation for this condition. The left temporal and occipital regions are cited to Hwang et al., not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • These patterns are partly lost in ADHD; when negative stimuli are added to a working memory task, performance deficits in ADHD are associated with hypoactivation in prefrontal control regions, but when positive stimuli are used, ADHD subjects show hyperactivation in these regions.

    “Specifically, when negative stimuli are added to a working memory task, performance deficits in ADHD are associated with hypoactivation in prefrontal ‘control’ regions, including ventrolateral, orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices. However, when positive stimuli are used, ADHD subjects show hyperactivation in these regions (91).”

    From Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [91]

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  • During negative valenced emotional distractors in emotional Stroop and WM tasks, two fMRI studies found reduced activation in ADHD patients in ventral and mPFC, subgenual ACC, striatum and temporo-parietal regions.

    “Thus, during emotional distractors in the emotional Stroop and a WM task, two fMRI studies found reduced activation in ADHD patients during negative valenced stimuli in ventral and mPFC, subgenual ACC, striatum and temporo-parietal regions (Passarotti et al., 2010; Posner et al., 2011a)”
  • On average, neural activity is most commonly decreased in the DLPFC and increased in the left amygdala, the fusiform gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus in patients with mood disorders.

    “On average, neural activityis most commonly decreased in the DLPFC 30,59,68,76 and increased in the left amygdala, 55,74,76,79,98,99 the fusiform gyrus 82,93,98 and the inferior frontal gyrus 82,90,98 in patients with mood disorders.”

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  1. [64]DuPaul GJ Power TJ Anastopulous AD Reid R 1998 ADHD Rating Scale, Vol IV New York Guilford Press

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Authors
Passarotti, A. M., Sweeney, J. A., & Pavuluri, M. N.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Passarotti, Alessandra M.
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-10
Volume
49
Issue
10
Pages
1064-1080
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1964377208
Cited by
137
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
FWCI
8.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • AstraZeneca
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
  • National Institutes of Health
  • University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • National Center for Research Resources (K23RR018638, K23 RR 18638-01)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
pediatric bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, working memory, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, cortico-subcortical circuits
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Bipolar Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Caudate Nucleus, Child, Corpus Striatum, Dominance, Cerebral, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Nerve Net, Parietal Lobe, Prefrontal Cortex

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