Cited by 138Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Abnormal Amygdala Functional Connectivity Associated With Emotional Lability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Hulvershorn, Leslie A., Mennes, Maarten, Castellanos, F. Xavier, Di Martino, Adriana, Milham, Michael P., Hummer, Tom A., Roy, Amy Krain·2014·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.012PMC PMC3961844

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Abstract

Objective A substantial proportion of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also display emotion regulation deficits manifesting as chronic irritability, severe temper outbursts, and aggression. The amygdala is implicated in emotion regulation, but its connectivity and relation to emotion regulation in ADHD has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of amygdala circuits and emotion regulation deficits in youth with ADHD. Method Bilateral amygdala iFC was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 63 children with ADHD, aged 6 to 13 years. First, we examined the relationship between amygdala IFC and parent ratings of emotional lability (EL) in children with ADHD. Second, we compared amygdala iFC across subgroups of children with ADHD and high EL (n = 18), ADHD and low EL (n = 20), and typically developing children (TDC), all with low EL (n = 19). Results Higher EL ratings were associated with greater positive iFC between the amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex in youth with ADHD. EL scores were also negatively associated with iFC between bilateral amygdala and posterior insula/superior temporal gyrus. Patterns of amygdala-cortical iFC in ADHD participants with low EL were not different from the comparison group, and the effect sizes for these comparisons were smaller than those for the trend-level differences observed between the high-EL and TDC groups. Conclusions In children with ADHD and a range of EL, deficits in emotion regulation were associated with altered amygdala-cortical iFC. When comparing groups that differed on ADHD status but not EL, differences in amygdala iFC were small and nonsignificant, highlighting the specificity of this finding to emotional deficits, independent of other ADHD symptoms.

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Blader, J. C. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.005 · Cited by 20
Functional connectivity based brain signatures of behavioral regulation in children with ADHD, DCD, and ADHD-DCD
Rohr, C. S., Bray, S., & Dewey, D. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421001449 · Cited by 21
“…with alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), including orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as in limbic and reward areas such as the amygdala, insula, and accumbens (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Passarotti et al., 2010; Posner et al., 2011, 2013).”
Background
Intrinsic Affective Network Is Impaired in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Ho, N. F., Chong, J. S. X., Koh, H. L., Koukouna, E., Lee, T.-S. W., Fung, D. S. S., Lim, C. G., & Zhou, J. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139018 · Cited by 20
“Previous seed-based studies of the affective network have found mixed results of hyper-connected and hypo-connected affective network in ADHD [22,39,40].”
Background
A transdiagnostic data-driven study of children’s behaviour and the functional connectome
Jones, J. S., the CALM Team, & Astle, D. E. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101027 · Cited by 21
“, 2015), mood problems (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Posner et al., 2014), and temperament difficulties in childhood (Karalunas et al.”
Emotion dysregulation and integration of emotion-related brain networks affect intraindividual change in ADHD severity throughout late adolescence
Viering, T., Hoekstra, P. J., Philipsen, A., Naaijen, J., Dietrich, A., Hartman, C. A., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., Hildebrandt, A., Thiel, C. M., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118729 · Cited by 19
Developmental Resting State Functional Connectivity for Clinicians
Hulvershorn, L. A., Cullen, K. R., Francis, M., & Schreiner, M. W. (2014) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-014-0020-3 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Functional network topology of the right insula affects emotion dysregulation in hyperactive-impulsive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Viering, T., Hoekstra, P. J., Philipsen, A., Naaijen, J., Dietrich, A., Hartman, C. A., Buitelaar, J. K., Hildebrandt, A., Gießing, C., & Thiel, C. M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94426-8 · Cited by 17
Understanding ADHD: Toward an Innovative Therapeutic Intervention
Camp, A., Pastrano, A., Gómez, V., Stephenson, K., Delatte, W., Perez, B., Syas, H., & Guiseppi‐Elie, A. (2021) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering8050056 · Cited by 16
“Since ADHD is a syndrome that deals with psychological and behavioral matters, psychologists, psychiatrists, or neurologists, specifically specializing in children and adolescents, are typically those who make these diagnoses [54].”
Background
Longitudinal Changes of Resting-State Networks in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Typically Developing Children
Soman, S. M., Vijayakumar, N., Ball, G., Hyde, C. E., & Silk, T. J. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.01.001 · Cited by 14
Mindfulness as an Intervention for ADHD
Househam, A. M., & Solanto, M. V. (2016) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2016.24.2.1 · Cited by 16
Altered Neuronal Responses During an Affective Stroop Task in Adolescents With Conduct Disorder
Fehlbaum, L. V., Raschle, N. M., Menks, W. M., Prätzlich, M., Flemming, E., Wyss, L., Euler, F., Sheridan, M. A., Sterzer, P., & Stadler, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01961 · Cited by 19
“…in a variety of psychiatric disorders linked to emotion processing and regulation deficits such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Hulvershorn et al., 2014), high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (Ebisch et al., 2011), depression (Bebko et al., 2015), post-traumatic stress…”
Background
Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain
Agoalikum, E., Klugah‐Brown, B., Wu, H., Hu, P., Jing, J., & Biswal, B. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1076873 · Cited by 17
“Some recent works also showed reduced functional connectivity between the amygdala and insula interaction in regulating emotion in ADHD children (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2020); these findings further show the implication of the insula in ADHD.”
Result
Increased amygdala and decreased frontolimbic r esting- s tate functional connectivity in children with aggressive behavior
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Ibrahim, K., Kalvin, C. B., Jordan, R. P., Eilbott, J. A., & Hampson, M. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab128 · Cited by 21
“Increased functional connectivity was reported between the amygdala and vmPFC/rostral anterior cingulate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) complicated by high emotional liability (Hulvershorn et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Neural Correlates of Emotional Lability in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bennett, R. H., Somandepalli, K., Roy, A. K., & Martino, A. D. (2017) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2016.0472 · Cited by 15
“At the individual level, we measured the iFC of the amygdala bilaterally, chosen a priori as an region-of-interest (ROI; based on Harvard Oxford Atlas 50% probability as implemented in FSL) as in earlier studies (Hulvershorn et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education?
Boon, H. J. (2020) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4 · Cited by 16
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and youth’s emotion dysregulation: A systematic review of fMRI studies
Musella, K. E., & Weyandt, L. L. (2022) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2022.2119142 · Cited by 15
“…that participants were asked to suspend stimulant medication at least 24 h prior to scanning but were permitted to take psychotropic medications (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Hwang et al., 2015, Nikolaidis et al., 2022), 20% of studies ( n ¼ 2) reported participants were asked to withhold…”
Influential
Functional connectivity in ADHD children doing Go/No-Go tasks: An fMRI systematic review and meta-analysis
Kim, S. J., Tanglay, O., Chong, E. H. N., Young, I. M., Fonseka, R. D., Taylor, H. M., Nicholas, P. J., Doyen, S., & Sughrue, M. E. (2023) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.1515/tnsci-2022-0299 · Cited by 16
“…literature, the core phenotype of ADHD has extended beyond just de ﬁ cits in motor inhibition and sustained attention to include a variety of non-cognitive symptoms such as dissociated emotional regulation [59], hyper-aggressiveness [60], emotional lability [61], and depressive symptoms [62].”
Not Only Mania or Depression: Mixed States/Mixed Features in Paediatric Bipolar Disorders
Janiri, D., Conte, E., Luca, I. D., Simone, M. V., Moccia, L., Simonetti, A., Mazza, M., Marconi, E., Monti, L., Chieffo, D. P. R., et al. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11040434 · Cited by 15
“, Emotional lability may depend on changes in subcortical structures, particularly in the limbic system [34], which has been reported as biomarkers of BD [35].”
Background
Early life exposure to high fructose diet induces metabolic dysregulation associated with sex-specific cognitive impairment in adolescent rats
Barrett, C. E., Jiang, M., O'Flaherty, B. G., Dias, B. G., Rainnie, D. G., Young, L. J., & Menigoz, A. (2021) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109220 · Cited by 13
Stimulation Therapies and the Relevance of Fractal Dynamics to the Treatment of Diseases
Cheng, W., Law, P. K., Kwan, H. C., & Cheng, R. S. S. (2014) · Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojrm.2014.34009 · Cited by 13
“As a result, extensive research has been performed supporting this notion of dysfunctional connectivity in numerous ailments such as schizophrenia [42]-[46], major depressive disorder (MDD) [47]-[50], attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [51]-[53], post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [54]-[56], obsessive-…”
Background
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Persisting Specific Learning Disabilities in Written Language During Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence
Nielsen, K. H., Andria-Habermann, K., Richards, T. L., Abbott, R., Mickail, T., & Berninger, V. W. (2017) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282917698056 · Cited by 13
“Hulvershorn et al. (2014) reported abnormal levels of amygdala activation in ADHD.”
Background
Electrophysiological evidence of an attentional bias towards appetitive and aversive words in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Shushakova, A., Wiesner, C. D., Ohrmann, P., & Pedersen, A. (2018) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.019 · Cited by 13
The Relationship Between Neuropsychological Deficits and Emotional Lability in Adults With ADHD
Gisbert, L., Vanesa Richarte, B., Montse Corrales, F., Ibáñez, P., Bosch, R., Bellina, M., Fadeuilhe, C., Casas, M., & Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718780323 · Cited by 14
“In addition, and in line with previous studies in children using a continuous approach (Banaschewski et al., 2012; Hulvershorn et al., 2014), we replicated our final model with EL scores as the outcome variable to ensure that conclusions did not vary if we used quantitative ratings for EL (supplementary material).”
BackgroundResult
Segregation and integration of the functional connectome in neurodevelopmentally ‘at risk’ children
Jones, J. S., The CALM Team, & Astle, D. E. (2021) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13209 · Cited by 12
Cannabis, connectivity, and coming of age: Associations between cannabis use and anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during the transition to adulthood
Lichenstein, S. D., Shaw, D. S., & Forbes, E. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.951204 · Cited by 10
“However, a variety of different patterns of aberrant white matter development may contribute to risk for psychopathology (Hulvershorn et al., 2014), and both delayed (Acheson et al.”
Neural Correlates of Reactive Aggression in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Jakobi, B., Vásquez, A. A., Hermans, E. J., Vlaming, P., Buitelaar, J. K., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., & van Rooij, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.840095 · Cited by 14
“Our results on altered activity of limbic structures and the insula during emotion processing are in line with previous findings in medication-naive individuals with ADHD (22, 51).”
Result
Emotion regulation strategy and its relationship with emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: behavioral and brain findings
Liu, Q.-R., Feng, Y., Chen, W., Zhu, Y., Preece, D. A., Gao, Y., Luo, X.-S., Dang, C., Wang, Y.-F., Sun, L., et al. (2025) · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02643-7 · Cited by 11
The Characteristics and Age Effects of Emotional Lability in ADHD Children With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Liu, L., Chen, W., Sun, L., Cheng, J., Su, Y., Rudaizky, D., Li, H., Yang, L., Qian, Q., & Wang, Y. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717745594 · Cited by 11
“…ODD, and ADHD (Sobanski et al., 2010) has become a focus of ADHD research, notably in the area of their factorial validity and separation (Liu et al., 2019), and their underlying neural substrates as probed by neuroimaging studies (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Posner et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2016).”
Background
Current Research and Future Directions in Psychodynamic Treatment of ADHD: Is Empathy the Missing Link?
Conway, F. P. (2015) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2015.1069235 · Cited by 10
“The neuroscientists are conducting research on ADHD also associates deficits in these regions of the brain with the ADHD symptoms of impulsivity, poor impulse control (Hulvershorn et al., 2014).”
Background
Correlation of altered intrinsic functional connectivity with impaired self-regulation in children and adolescents with ADHD
Tsai, C., Lin, H., & Gau, S. S. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01787-y · Cited by 10
“…emotion regulation (which is a part of the self-regulatory process [1]) as an example, two earlier rsfMRI studies reported that emotional dysregulation is associated with amygdalar iFC with rostral ACC and posterior insula [31] and orbito-frontal iFC with ventral striatum in youth with ADHD [21].”
Functional and structural connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in ADHD children with or without ODD
Wu, Z.-M., Wang, P., Liu, X., Zhou, Q.-C., Cao, X., Liu, J., Sun, L., Liu, L., Cao, Q., Wang, Y., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06500-4 · Cited by 9
Central amygdala is related to the reduction of aggressive behavior by monosodium glutamate ingestion during the period of development in an ADHD model rat
Mustika, D., Nishimura, Y., Ueno, S., Tominaga, S., Shimizu, T., Tajiri, N., Jung, C., & Hida, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1356189 · Cited by 8
Smaller anterior subgenual cingulate volume mediates the effect of girls’ early sexual maturation on negative psychobehavioral outcome
Okada, N., Yahata, N., Koshiyama, D., Morita, K., Sawada, K., Kanata, S., Fujikawa, S., Sugimoto, N., Toriyama, R., Masaoka, M., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116478 · Cited by 7
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan
Pliszka, S. R. (2016) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20150022 · Cited by 10
Monoaminergic Genetic Variants, Prefrontal Cortex–Amygdala Circuit, and Emotional Symptoms in Children With ADHD: Exploration Based on the Gene–Brain–Behavior Relationship
Liu, L., Zhao, Q., Yu, X., Xu, D., Li, H., Ji, N., Wu, Z.-M., Cheng, J., Su, Y., Cao, Q., et al. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054719897838 · Cited by 7
“Hulvershorn et al. (2014) found that EL in children with ADHD may be associated with functional connectivity (FC) between the amygdala and the medial PFC (mPFC).”
Background
Alterations of amygdala-prefrontal cortical coupling and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors induced by neonatal habenula lesion: normalization by Ecklonia stolonifera extract and its active compound fucosterol
Kim, Y. J., Jeon, S., Choi, J., Kim, N., Goto, Y., & Lee, Y. (2021) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000620 · Cited by 6
“Studies have shown that functional coupling between the AMY and PFC is associated with regulation of negative emotions and suppression of fears in normal subjects, which is altered in ADHD subjects (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Stujenske et al., 2014).”
Background
Child Developmental MRI (CDM) project: protocol for a multi-centre, cross-sectional study on elucidating the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder through a multi-dimensional approach
Yamashita, M., Kagitani‐Shimono, K., Hirano, Y., Hamatani, S., Nishitani, S., Yao, A., Kurata, S., Kosaka, H., Jung, M., Yoshida, T., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070157 · Cited by 4
Targeting working memory to modify emotional reactivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Kaiser, A., Reneman, L., Lucassen, P. J., Vries, T. J. D., Schrantee, A., & Kaag, A. M. (2021) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00532-6 · Cited by 4
“For example, higher emotional lability has been associated with a hyper-connectivity of the corticoamygdalar network, including the anterior cingulate cortex, both in children and adolescents (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Hafeman et al., 2017).”
Background
Differences in Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Temperament-Based Profiles Among Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Sangoi, J. A., Kozlowski, M. B., Feeney, K. E., Karalunas, S. L., Riopelle, C., Peraza, J. A., Smith, J. N., Lobo, R. P., González, R., Laird, A. R., et al. (2025) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026251369850 · Cited by 3
“…and ventral attention networks (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus), default mode network (e.g., rostral anterior cingulate cortex), and salience network (e.g., caudate/putamen) compared with TD youths with no/low levels of irritability (Hulvershorn et al., 2014; Mukherjee et al., 2022).”
Attention Circuits Mediate the Connection between Emotional Experience and Expression within the Emotional Circuit
Won, N. R., Son, Y., Kim, S. M., Bae, S., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J., & Han, D. H. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.22.1029 · Cited by 3
“Emotional lability is thought to be related to hyperconnectivity of the amygdala network, which includes the anterior cingulate cortex [32].”
Background
Real-world goal-directed behavior reveals aberrant functional brain connectivity in children with ADHD
Merzon, L., Tauriainen, S., Triana, A., Nurmi, T., Huhdanpää, H., Mannerkoski, M., Aronen, E. T., Kantonistov, M., Henriksson, L., Macaluso, E., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319746 · Cited by 3
“…from Data Protection office Helsinki University Central Hospital (tietosuo-ja@om.fi, 029 566 6700) and Aalto University’s legal counsel Annina Harju (anniina.harju@ aalto.fi). connectivity in the amygdala was shown to be associated with emotional liability symptoms in children with ADHD [28].”
Enteric nervous system, gut-brain connection and related neurodevelopmental disorders
Alim, E., Gülekon, N., Atalar, K., & Bahçelioğlu, M. (2020) · Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) · doi:10.2399/ana.20.008 · Cited by 3
MRI Insights Into Adolescent Neurocircuitry—A Vision for the Future
Tymofiyeva, O., Zhou, V. X., Lee, C. M., Xu, D., Hess, C. P., & Yang, T. T. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00237 · Cited by 6
Segregation and integration of the functional connectome in neurodevelopmentally ‘at risk’ childrenPreprint
Jones, J. S., the CALM Team, & Astle, D. E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.11.443579 · Cited by 3
“…al., 2018) and functional connectivity in the limbic system has been associated with emotion regulation (Posner et al., 2013), emotional lability (Hulvershorn et al., 2014), temperament (Karalunas et al., 2014), aggressiveness and conduct problems (Ho et al., 2015), and depressive symptoms…”
Background
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in ADHD
Theiner, P., Ustohal, L., Skřont, T., Bareš, M., & Kašpárek, T. (2015) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/61158 · Cited by 2
Medication Nonadherence Secondary to Choking Phobia (Phagophobia) in an Adolescent with Significant Trauma History: Addressing the Issue of Mental Contamination
Kim, Y., Kim, J., Cohen, A., Backus, M., Arnovitz, M. D., Rice, T., Luber, M. J., & Coffey, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2017.29138.bjc · Cited by 2
“As in A.’s case, children with ADHD may experience signiﬁcant emotional lability and are known to have deﬁciencies in amygdalar connectivity (Hulvershorn et al. 2014).”
Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Cortical Network Integrity in Medication-Free Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Multimodal Neuroimaging Trial
Weber, W. A., Tallman, M. J., Blom, T. J., Schurdak, J. D., Patino, L. R., & McNamara, R. K. (2018) · Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics · doi:10.6000/1929-5634.2017.06.04.3 · Cited by 2
“associated with greater positive functional connectivity between the amygdala and rostral ACC in ADHD children [12].”
Background
Abnormal functional connectivity associated with emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Li, S., Luo, T., Wang, M., Situ, M., Liu, P., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1700693 · Cited by 1
An investigation of the neural basis of anger attributions in irritable youth.
Benda, M. S., DeSerisy, M. L., Levitch, C. F., & Roy, A. K. (2023) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001337 · Cited by 1
Self-citation

Authors: Hulvershorn, L. A., Mennes, M., Castellanos, F. X., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., Hummer, T. A., & Roy, A. K.
Affiliations: Riley Hospital for Children (US)
Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
Fordham University (US)
Corresponding author: Hulvershorn, Leslie A.
ORCID: Hulvershorn, Leslie A.
Mennes, Maarten
Castellanos, F. Xavier
Milham, Michael P.
Hummer, Tom A.
Roy, Amy Krain
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-03
Volume: 53
Issue: 3
Pages: 351-361.e1
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.012
PMC: PMC3961844
OpenAlex: W2127237900
Cited by: 138
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10
FWCI: 7.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH087770, K23MH074821, R01MH081218)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K12DA000357)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065282)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional lability, amygdala, intrinsic functional connectivity, emotion regulation, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, posterior insula, superior temporal gyrus, children, irritability, temper outbursts
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Affective Symptoms, Amygdala, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net

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Abnormal Amygdala Functional Connectivity Associated With Emotional Lability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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