Functional connectivity of the human amygdala using resting state fMRI
Open accessAbstract
The amygdala is composed of structurally and functionally distinct nuclei that contribute to the processing of emotion through interactions with other subcortical and cortical structures. While these circuits have been studied extensively in animals, human neuroimaging investigations of amygdala-based networks have typically considered the amygdala as a single structure, which likely masks contributions of individual amygdala subdivisions. The present study uses resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether distinct functional connectivity patterns, like those observed in animal studies, can be detected across three amygdala subdivisions: laterobasal, centromedial, and superficial. In a sample of 65 healthy adults, voxelwise regression analyses demonstrated positively-predicted ventral and negatively-predicted dorsal networks associated with the total amygdala, consistent with previous animal and human studies. Investigation of individual amygdala subdivisions revealed distinct differences in connectivity patterns within the amygdala and throughout the brain. Spontaneous activity in the laterobasal subdivision predicted activity in temporal and frontal regions, while activity in the centromedial nuclei predicted activity primarily in striatum. Activity in the superficial subdivision positively predicted activity throughout the limbic lobe. These findings suggest that resting state fMRI can be used to investigate human amygdala networks at a greater level of detail than previously appreciated, allowing for the further advancement of translational models.
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Negative functional connectivity, reflecting network segregation and specialization, has been found between amygdala sub-regions and more dorsal and posterior brain regions in adults and in a cross-sectional sample from childhood to early adulthood.
“Negative functional connectivity, or segregation and specialization of networks (Rubinov and Sporns, 2010), has been observed between amygdalar sub-regions and more dorsal and posterior brain regions in both adults (Roy et al., 2009) and in a cross-sectional sample spanning childhood and early adulthood (Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014).”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
Earlier studies have reported that connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and all amygdala sub-regions increases with age.
“Previous research has shown coupling of mPFC and all amygdala sub-regions with increasing age (Roy et al., 2009, Qin et al., 2012, Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014),”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
The observed pattern of decreased parieto-occipital connectivity and increased medial prefrontal connectivity matches adult resting-state functional connectivity patterns of amygdala sub-regions.
“which corresponds with adult RSFC patterns of amygdala sub-regions (Roy et al., 2009, Qin et al., 2012, Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014), albeit with varying effects by sex.”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
Prior research has identified distinct resting-state functional connectivity patterns across amygdalar nuclei, with age-related positive connectivity to ventromedial prefrontal, temporal, and subcortical regions and negative connectivity to parietal and occipital cortices.
“Previous work has found distinct functional connectivity patterns, as measured with RSFC, across amygdalar nuclei (Roy et al., 2009, Li et al., 2012, Qin et al., 2012, Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014), specifically different patterns of age-dependent positive connectivity between amygdalar nuclei and ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), temporal, and subcortical regions, as well as negative connectivity with pari”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
Resting-state functional connectivity analyses did not use left or right centromedial amygdala seed regions, limiting direct comparison with existing amygdala sub-region studies.
“As such, RSFC analyses were not conducted with either left or right CMA seed regions, which limits direct comparisons with existing amygdala sub-region RSFC studies (Roy et al., 2009, Li et al., 2012, Qin et al., 2012, Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014).”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
If decoupling between the superficial amygdala and parieto-occipital cortices is the adult norm, then the sex-specific trajectories of amygdala sub-region connectivity seen in this adolescent sample may shift toward mature adult patterns.
“If decoupling of SFA and parieto-occipital cortices is indeed the norm in adulthood as some studies suggest (Roy et al., 2009, Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014), then the sexually dimorphic trajectories of amygdala sub-regional connectivity observed in the current sample may give way to mature patterns observed in adults;”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
The comparable functional coupling patterns in both sexes are in accordance with a healthy developmental trajectory.
“which is in accordance with a healthy developmental trajectory (Roy et al., 2009, Qin et al., 2012, Gabard-Durnam et al., 2014).”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2009
Roy and colleagues reported functional connectivity of the amygdala with ventral medial prefrontal regions, insula, thalamus and striatum at rest and anticorrelations with the dorsal ACC, superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex.
“Roy and colleagues15 reported functional connectivity of the amygdala with ventral medial prefrontal regions (including the medial frontal gyrus and rostral ACC), insula, thalamus and striatum at rest and anticorrelations with the dorsal ACC, superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Anticorrelations were found between the amygdala and medial prefrontal regions, including the dorsal and rostral ACC, consistent with the a priori hypothesis.
“Consistent with previous resting-state functional connectivity studies14,15 and effective connectivity studies,17,54 we found anticorrelations between the amygdala and medial prefrontal regions, including the dorsal and rostral ACC, consistent with our a priori hypothesis.”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Recent resting-state functional connectivity studies of the amygdala have used global regression and identified networks proposed to be anticorrelated with the amygdala.
“In sum, recent resting-state functional connectivity studies of the amygdala have used global regression and identified networks proposed to be anticorrelated with the amygdala (for example, see Roy and colleagues15)”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
A recent connectivity modelling analysis found a strong functional link between the PCC and the amygdala in healthy individuals.
“A recent connectivity modelling analysis found a strong functional link between the PCC and the amygdala in healthy individuals.15”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Despite these considerations, cytoarchitechtonically based amygdala FC analyses have yielded consistent, replicated delineation of differential connectivity of major amygdala subregions (Etkin et al., 2009; Roy et al., 2009; Roy et al., 2013; Brown et al., 2014 ).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialImmature integration and segregation of emotion-related brain circuitry in young children
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- Authors
- Roy, A. K., Shehzad, Z., Margulies, D. S., Kelly, A. M. C., Uddin, L. Q., Gotimer, K., Biswal, B. B., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roy, Amy Krain
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 614-626
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2735022
- OpenAlex
- W2106089606
- Cited by
- 749
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 12.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Fordham Research Commons (Fordham University) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH074821)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- amygdala, functional connectivity, resting state, centromedial amygdala, superficial amygdala, emotional processing, limbic system, striatum, temporal lobe, frontal lobe
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Rest
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