A systematic review of adult attachment and social anxiety
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Background Attachment has been implicated in the development of social anxiety. Our aim was to synthesise the extant literature exploring the role of adult attachment in these disorders. Method Search terms relating to social anxiety and attachment were entered into MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using and adapted version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality assessment tool. Eligible studies employed validated social anxiety and attachment assessments in adult clinical and analogue samples. The review included cross sectional, interventional and longitudinal research. Results Of the 30 identified studies, 28 showed a positive association between attachment insecurity and social anxiety. This association was particularly strong when considering attachment anxiety. Cognitive variables and evolutionary behaviours were identified as potential mediators, concordant with psychological theory. Limitations Due to a lack of longitudinal research, the direction of effect between attachment and social anxiety variables could not be inferred. There was substantial heterogeneity in the way that attachment was conceptualised and assessed across studies. Conclusions The literature indicates that attachment style is associated with social anxiety. Clinicians may wish to consider attachment theory when working clinically with this population. In the future, it may be useful to target the processes that mediate the relationship between attachment and social anxiety.
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There is evidence of associations between parental attachment insecurity and social anxiety.
“There is evidence of associations between parental attachment insecurity and social anxiety (Manning et al., 2017;Notzon et al., 2016)”
From Social anxiety mediates the effect of attachment to parents on friendships and loneliness during the college transition (2023) · cites this paper as Manning et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Manning, R. P. C., Dickson, J. M., Palmier-Claus, J., Cunliffe, A., & Taylor, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Manning, Ray P.C.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 211
- Pages
- 44-59
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2566122962
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (acceptedVersion)
- Edith Cowan University Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- adult attachment, social anxiety, insecure attachment, attachment anxiety, attachment styles, attachment theory, cognitive mediators, risk of bias
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Life Change Events, Object Attachment, Phobic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Desirability, Social Environment
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