Cited by 499Nutritional Studies and DietPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Relation to Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adolescents

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Holt, Erica M., Steffen, Lyn M., Moran, Antoinette, Basu, Samar, Steinberger, Julia, Ross, Julie A., Hong, Ching-Ping, Sinaiko, Alan R.·2009·Journal of the American Dietetic Association

DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.036PMC PMC2676354

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Abstract

Background Fruits and vegetables, foods rich in flavonoids and antioxidants, have been associated with lower risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are predictors of coronary heart disease risk; however, it is unknown whether these markers are related to dietary flavonoid and antioxidant intake in youth.Objective To determine whether greater intakes of fruit and vegetables, antioxidants, folate, and total flavonoids were inversely associated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in 285 adolescent boys and girls aged 13 to 17 years.Design In this cross-sectional study conducted between February 1996 and January 2000, diet was assessed by a 127-item food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight measurements were obtained and a fasting blood sample drawn. Spearman partial correlation analyses evaluated the relation of intakes of fruit and vegetables, antioxidants, folate, and flavonoids with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) metabolite and oxidative stress (urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F(2alpha), an F(2)-isoprostane), adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake, and body mass index.Results Urinary F(2)-isoprostane was inversely correlated with intakes of total fruit and vegetables, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. Serum C-reactive protein was significantly inversely associated with intakes of fruit (r=-0.19; P=0.004), vitamin C (r=-0.13, P=0.03), and folate (r=-0.18; P=0.004). Serum interleukin-6 was inversely associated with intakes of legumes, vegetables, beta carotene, and vitamin C. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha was inversely associated with beta carotene (r=-0.14, P=0.02) and luteolin (r=-0.15, P=0.02).Conclusion Study results show that the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are already present by early adolescence and provide support for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans "to consume five or more servings per day" of fruits and vegetables to promote beneficial cardiovascular health.

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“However, low consumption of n-3 fatty acids, vegetables, dietary fiber, and fruits in a diet with low DII score has been linked to elevated risk of T2D [87, 88], possibly mediated by an increase in inflammatory markers [89].”
Quercetin supplementation suppresses the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of Mongolian gerbils and in A549 cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene alone or in combination with β-carotene: in vivo and ex vivo studies
Chan, S.-T., Chuang, C., Yeh, C.-L., Liao, J., Liu, K., Tseng, M.-J., & Yeh, S.-L. (2011) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.014 · Cited by 35
“Several studies have shown that diets rich in β-carotene, a phytochemical present in many fruits and vegetables (papayas, carrots, green leafy vegetables, etc) are beneficial to the health of humans and may prevent the development of inflammationassociated diseases, including cancers [1–3].”
Background
Agrimonia eupatoriatea consumption in relation to markers of inflammation, oxidative status and lipid metabolism in healthy subjects
Ivanova, D. G., Vankova, D. G., & Nashar, M. A. (2012) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.3109/13813455.2012.729844 · Cited by 35
“The antiinflammatory activity of the agrimony tea could be also attributed to polyphenols as diet enriched with polyphenols is inversely associated with blood inflammation markers such as CRP, IL-6 and TNFα (Holt et al., 2009; Nanri et al., 2008; Salas-Salvado et al., 2008).”
Background
Reduced antioxidant capacity and increased subclinical inflammation markers in prepubescent obese children and their relationship with nutritional markers and metabolic parameters
Vehapoğlu, A., Türkmen, S., Göknar, N., & Özer, Ö. F. (2016) · Redox Report · doi:10.1080/13510002.2015.1133035 · Cited by 35
Effects of an acute strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) consumption on the plasma antioxidant status of healthy subjects
Romandini, S., Mazzoni, L., Giampieri, F., Tulipani, S., Gasparrini, M., Forbes-Hernández, T. Y., Locorotondo, N., D’Alessandro, M. M., Mezzetti, B., Bompadre, S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Berry Research · doi:10.3233/jbr-130055 · Cited by 34
“In particular, the intake of fruit and vegetables has been correlated with a high intake of antioxidant and bioactive compounds that play a crucial role in the prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases [1–4], cancer [5–7], obesity [8], diabetes [9] and infections [10].”
The effect of increased dietary fruit and vegetable consumption on endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidative stress in hypertensive volunteers
McCall, D., McGartland, C. P., McKinley, M. C., Sharpe, P. C., McCance, D. R., Young, I. S., & Woodside, J. V. (2010) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2010.01.009 · Cited by 33
“Cross-sectional studies, largely employing food frequency questionnaires, continue to associate higher FV intake with lower serum levels of hsCRP [23,24].”
Background
Changes in nutrient intake and inflammation following an anti-inflammatory diet in spinal cord injury
Allison, D. J., Beaudry, K. M., Thomas, A. M., Josse, A. R., & Ditor, D. S. (2018) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.2018.1519996 · Cited by 33
Consumo de micronutrientes e excesso de peso: existe relação?
Leão, A. L. M., & dos Santos, L. C. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/s1415-790x2012000100008 · Cited by 33
Examination of the Association of Diet and Persistent Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Pilot Study
Zick, S. M., Sen, A., Han‐Markey, T. L., & Harris, R. E. (2012) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/13.onf.e41-e49 · Cited by 33
“Those foods and nutrients could have a positive impact on chronic inflammation and, therefore, persistent fatigue in cancer survivors (Helmersson, Arnlov, Larsson, & Basu, 2009; Holt et al., 2009; Oliveira, Rodriguez-Artalejo, & Lopes, 2009; Wall, Ross, Fitzgerald, & Stanton, 2010).”
Background
Role of the Immune System in Hypertension: Modulation by Dietary Antioxidants
Vasdev, S., Stuckless, J., & Richardson, V. J. (2011) · International Journal of Angiology · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1288941 · Cited by 32
“and girls found that CRP levels were inversely associated with fruit intake, while IL-6 levels were inversely associated with vegetable and legume intake.(208) Likewise, a study conducted using participants from the Washington County, MD, Prospective Study found that fruit, vegetable, and antioxidant intake was associ…”
Result
Relationship between dietary inflammatory index, hs-CRP level in the second trimester and neonatal birth weight: a cohort study
Yang, Y., Kan, H., Yu, X., Yang, Y., Li, L., & Zhao, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.19-100 · Cited by 31
Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Tandorost, A., Kheirouri, S., Moludi, J., & Seyedmardani, S. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14792 · Cited by 31
Prospective study on the association between diet quality and depression in mid-aged women over 9 years
Lai, J. S., Hure, A. J., Oldmeadow, C. J., McEvoy, M., Byles, J., & Attia, J. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1078-8 · Cited by 30
“It is likely that antioxidants and phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables drives the association between diet and depression, as these compounds have been found to reduce levels of inflammation and oxidative-stress induced damage [34, 35], suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression [36].”
Background
Sequential molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction methods for the analysis of resveratrol and other polyphenols
Schwarz, L. J., Danylec, B., Harris, S. J., Boysen, R. I., & Hearn, M. T. W. (2016) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.028 · Cited by 29
Management of reproduction and pregnancy complications in maternal obesity: Which role for dietary polyphenols?
Santangelo, C., Varı́, R., Scazzocchio, B., Filesi, C., & Masella, R. (2013) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1126 · Cited by 30
“Increasing evidence suggests that MD may be important in modulating inflammation [36,221] showing an inverse correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and inflammatory status [213,222–225].”
Background
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on immunomodulatory activity of cloudy apple juice
Kim, H. K., Leem, K., Lee, S., Kim, B.-Y., Hahm, Y. T., Cho, H.-Y., & Lee, J. Y. (2012) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-012-0022-4 · Cited by 29
“Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated negative correlation between the consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables and immune related diseases (1).”
Carica papayaincreases regulatory T cells and reduces IFN‐γ+CD4+T cells in healthy human subjects
Abdullah, M., Chai, P., Loh, C., Chong, M., Quay, H., Vidyadaran, S., Seman, Z., Kandiah, M., & Seow, H. F. (2011) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100087 · Cited by 29
Supplementation with a juice powder concentrate and exercise decrease oxidation and inflammation, and improve the microcirculation in obese women: randomised controlled trial data
Lamprecht, M., Obermayer, G., Steinbauer, K., Cvirn, G., Hofmann, L., Ledinski, G., Greilberger, J., & Hallstroem, S. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513001001 · Cited by 28
“However, it has also been observed that a low intake of b-carotene, found in fruit and vegetables, is inversely related to TNF-a, due to a diet-dependent decreased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity((9)).”
Background
Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Supplementation Suppresses Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice
Guo, W., Kim, S. H., Wu, D., Li, L., Ortega, E. F., Thomas, M., Meydani, S. N., & Meydani, M. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa410 · Cited by 29
Inflammation in COVID-19 and the Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions during the Pandemic: A Review
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., Bustamante-Sánchez, Á., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Ruisoto, P., & Mielgo‐Ayuso, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415584 · Cited by 27
“In this line, although the role of group B vitamins, present in foods of animal and vegetable origin, in reducing inflammation and respiratory difficulties in patients infected by COVID-19 has not been demonstrated, their individual functions on the immune system make it a group to be reckoned with [99].”
Background
Association of maternal folate nutrition and serum C-reactive protein concentrations with gestational age at delivery
Kim, H., Hwang, J.-Y., Ha, E.-H., Park, H., Ha, M., Lee, S.-J., Hong, Y.-C., & Chang, N. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.267 · Cited by 27
No association between blood telomere length and longitudinally assessed diet or adiposity in a young adult Filipino population
Bethancourt, H. J., Kratz, M., Beresford, S. A. A., Hayes, M. G., Kuzawa, C. W., Duazo, P. L., Borja, J. B., & Eisenberg, D. T. A. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1080-1 · Cited by 25
“For instance, diets high in processed meats, refined grains, and added sugars tend to be associated with increased inflammation, whereas diets higher in fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains tend to be related to reduced inflammation [17, 20, 24–27].”
Background
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Cucumis sativus L.
Agatemor, U. M.-M., Nwodo, O., & Anosike, C. A. (2015) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/bjpr/2015/19700 · Cited by 26
“Intake of a variety of fruits, and vegetables lowers risk of inflammation, and relates inversely with inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α [16,17].”
Background
Positive association between dietary inflammatory index and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Liang, Y., Jiao, H., Qu, L., & Liu, H. (2019) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2019.1679197 · Cited by 26
Total Polyphenol Intake Is Inversely Associated with a Pro/Anti-Inflammatory Biomarker Ratio in European Adolescents of the HELENA Study
Wisnuwardani, R. W., Henauw, S. D., Ferrari, M., Forsner, M., Gottrand, F., Huybrechts, I., Kafatos, A., Kersting, M., Knaze, V., Μanios, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa064 · Cited by 26
“DII, Diet Inflammatory Index; Pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio, [(TNF-α + IL-6 + IL1)/3/IL-10]; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1. found no association between flavonoid intake and CRP, TNFα, or IL-6 (11).”
BackgroundInfluential
Atherosclerosis prevention and treatment in children and adolescents
Oliveira, F. L. C., Patin, R. V., & Escrivão, M. A. M. S. (2010) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.09.170 · Cited by 27
Effects of dietary whole grain, fruit, and vegetables on weight and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese women
Arabzadegan, N., Daneshzad, E., Fatahi, S., Moosavian, S. P., Surkan, P. J., & Azadbakht, L. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00757-x · Cited by 28
The Double-Edged Sword of Total Antioxidant Capacity: Clinical Significance and Personal Experience
Silvestrini, A., & Mancini, A. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13080933 · Cited by 28
“This is also the rationale for interventional studies, which showed an amelioration of antioxidant status with the appropriate supplementary diet [65,66].”
Oxidative stress in relation to diet and physical activity among premenopausal women
Anderson, C., Milne, G. L., Sandler, D. P., & Nichols, H. B. (2016) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516003226 · Cited by 25
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions for the treatment of spinal cord injury-induced pain
Eller, O. C., Willits, A., Young, E. E., & Baumbauer, K. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.991736 · Cited by 28
“Studies have shown that the higher the consumption of fruits and vegetables, the lower the level of inflammation and oxidative stress (148, 149).”
Background
Integration of Traditional and Metabolomics Biomarkers Identifies Prognostic Metabolites for Predicting Responsiveness to Nutritional Intervention against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Kim, Y. J., Huh, I., Kim, J. Y., Park, S., Ryu, S. H., Kim, K., Kim, S., Park, T., & Kwon, O. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9030233 · Cited by 26
“Epidemiological evidence has indicated that foods and their constituents have been associated with reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, thus implicating them in preventing the onset of chronic disease [2,3].”
Background
Association of Dietary Flavonoid Intake with Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Korean Women Aged ≥30 Years
Oh, J. S., Kim, H., Vijayakumar, A., Kwon, O., Kim, Y., & Chang, N. (2017) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.63.51 · Cited by 25
Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population
Lee, S., Lee, J., Choi, I. J., Kim, Y., Ryu, K. W., Kim, Y., Oh, J., Tran, B. T., & Kim, J. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.20008 · Cited by 26
“com/oncotarget intake of fruits and vegetables has been shown to reduce inflammation [9].”
Background
Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents: Insights Into Human Biology
Samsonov, A. E., & Urlacher, S. S. (2025) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.24200 · Cited by 24
“Likewise, adolescents who consumed more foods high in vitamin C had reduced urinary F 2 - isoprostanes (Holt et al. 2009).”
Improved diet quality is associated with decreased concentrations of inflammatory markers in adults with uncontrolled asthma
Nygaard, U. C., Xiao, L., Nadeau, K. C., Hew, K. M., Lv, N., Camargo, C. A., Strub, P., & Ma, J. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab063 · Cited by 24
Daily Nutritional Dose Supplementation with Antioxidant Nutrients and Phytochemicals Improves DNA and LDL Stability: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
Kim, Y. J., Ahn, Y., Lim, Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, J., & Kwon, O. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5125218 · Cited by 24
“Therefore, identifying groups that are at risk of oxidative stress is important, and a considerable amount of data supports the notion that the level of fruit and vegetable intake is inversely correlated with oxidative stress in healthy subjects [16,20,21].”
Background
Effects of a Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Status in the Plasma of a Healthy Population: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Randomized Clinical Trial
Arcusa, R., Carrillo, J. Á., Xandri-Martínez, R., Cerdá, B., Villaño, D., Marhuenda, J., & Zafrilla, P. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26123604 · Cited by 23
“In fact, an increase in TNF-α can occur in a diet with a low concentration of carotenes, which can explain the reduction observed in the TNF-α levels [55].”
Background
A plant-based diet and heart failure: case report and literature review.
Choi, E. Y., Allen, K., McDonnough, M., Massera, D., & Ostfeld, R. J. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.003 · Cited by 22
Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Mothers and Offspring: The NELA Birth Cohort
Morales, E., García‐Serna, A. M., Larqué, E., Sánchez-Campillo, M., Serrano-Munuera, A., Martínez‐Graciá, C., Santaella, M., Suárez-Martínez, C., Vioqué, J., Velasco, J. A. N., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.869357 · Cited by 22
“Our results are consistent with previous studies in adolescents and adults showing that a long-term adherence to a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in red meat may decrease lipid peroxidation (44, 50).”
Result
Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Disease Risk: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study
Sreeja, S. R., Le, T., Eom, B. W., Oh, S. H., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., & Kim, M. K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14132662 · Cited by 24
“It is also recommended that anti-inflammatory foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, and fish and other foods with abundant quantities of folate, flavonoids, and antioxidants be included in the diet [28,60].”
Background
C-Reactive protein levels are associated with adiposity and a high inflammatory foods index in mountainous Cypriot children
Lazarou, C., Panagiotakos, D. B., Chrysohoou, C. A., Andronikou, C., & Matalas, A. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.05.001 · Cited by 22
Dried apples enriched with mandarin juice by vacuum impregnation improve antioxidant capacity and decrease inflammation in obese children.
Codoñer‐Franch, P., Betoret, E., Betoret, N., López-Jaén, A. B., Valls‐Bellés, V., & Fito, P. J. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2013.28.4.6580 · Cited by 22
“Various plant-derived compounds such as fiber or antioxidants including vitamins and other phytochemicals (polyphenols) may account for these protective effects.(2) Widely recognized as the best approach to ensure an adequate intake of antioxidant nutrients is the consumption of at least 5 servings of fruits and veget…”
Background
Gastric cancer in Zambian adults: a prospective case-control study that assessed dietary intake and antioxidant status by using urinary isoprostane excretion
Asombang, A. W., Kayamba, V. J., Lisulo, M. M., Colditz, G. A., Mudenda, V. C., Yarasheski, K. E., Chott, R. C., Rubin, D. C., Gyawali, C. P., Sinkala, E., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051284 · Cited by 22
“In a cross-sectional study of 285 adolescents (ages 13–17 y), Holt et al (22) showed that urinary isoprostane was inversely correlated with intake of total fruit and vegetables, which is consistent with our findings.”
Result
Cellular Defense System Gene Expression Profiling of Human Whole Blood: Opportunities to Predict Health Benefits in Response to Diet
Drew, J. E. (2012) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.112.002121 · Cited by 23
“Recent studies have focused on dietary interventions with phytochemicalrich foods (38,39,43,45,59).”
Background
Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders- a review.
Ayoobi, F., Shamsizadeh, A., Fatemi, I., Vakilian, A., Allahtavakoli, M., Hassanshahi, G., & Ahmadi, A. M. (2017) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2017.8827 · Cited by 22
Associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents - a systematic review
Hilger-Kolb, J., Bosle, C., Motoc, I., & Hoffmann, K. (2017) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-017-0300-3 · Cited by 23
Low-Grade Inflammation and Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Childhood Obesity
Polak-Szczybyło, E. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031682 · Cited by 21
“Other research also confirms association between dietary intake of vitamins, specifically A, C and E, and lower levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 [45,46,59,69].”
Background
Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology
Halma, M. T. J., Plothe, C., Marik, P. E., & Lawrie, T. A. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11051308 · Cited by 22
“Furthermore, adoption of a whole-food, plant-based diet is associated with decreased oxidative stress and inflammation [108] and better cardiovascular conditions.”
Background
Serum and Dietary Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels Account for Differences in Cellular Aging: Evidence Based on Telomere Findings in 5581 U.S. Adults
Tucker, L. A. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/4358717 · Cited by 21
Polyphenols Suppress and Modulate Inflammation
Kim, J., Lee, K. W., & Lee, H. J. (2013) · Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398456-2.00029-3 · Cited by 22

Authors: Holt, E. M., Steffen, L. M., Moran, A., Basu, S., Steinberger, J., Ross, J. A., Hong, C.-P., & Sinaiko, A. R.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author: Steffen, Lyn M.
ORCID: Steffen, Lyn M.
Moran, Antoinette
Steinberger, Julia
Sinaiko, Alan R.
Venue: Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 109
Issue: 3
Pages: 414-421
ISSN: 0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.036
PMC: PMC2676354
OpenAlex: W2051281636
Cited by: 496
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 26.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL052851, HL-52851)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords: fruit and vegetable intake, dietary flavonoids, antioxidants, folic acid, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, vitamin C, beta-carotene, adolescents, cardiovascular disease prevention, dietary guidelines, Fabaceae, luteolin, dietary habits, body mass index, sex differences
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Antioxidants, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Flavonoids, Folic Acid, Fruit, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vegetables, Dinoprost, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Oxidative Stress, Statistics, Nonparametric, F2-Isoprostanes

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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Relation to Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adolescents

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