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Cited by 499Nutritional Studies and DietPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Relation to Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adolescents

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Holt, Erica M., Steffen, Lyn M., Moran, Antoinette, Basu, Samar, Steinberger, Julia, Ross, Julie A., Hong, Ching-Ping, Sinaiko, Alan R.·2009·Journal of the American Dietetic Association
DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.036PMC PMC2676354
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Abstract

Background Fruits and vegetables, foods rich in flavonoids and antioxidants, have been associated with lower risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are predictors of coronary heart disease risk; however, it is unknown whether these markers are related to dietary flavonoid and antioxidant intake in youth.Objective To determine whether greater intakes of fruit and vegetables, antioxidants, folate, and total flavonoids were inversely associated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in 285 adolescent boys and girls aged 13 to 17 years.Design In this cross-sectional study conducted between February 1996 and January 2000, diet was assessed by a 127-item food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight measurements were obtained and a fasting blood sample drawn. Spearman partial correlation analyses evaluated the relation of intakes of fruit and vegetables, antioxidants, folate, and flavonoids with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) metabolite and oxidative stress (urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F(2alpha), an F(2)-isoprostane), adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake, and body mass index.Results Urinary F(2)-isoprostane was inversely correlated with intakes of total fruit and vegetables, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. Serum C-reactive protein was significantly inversely associated with intakes of fruit (r=-0.19; P=0.004), vitamin C (r=-0.13, P=0.03), and folate (r=-0.18; P=0.004). Serum interleukin-6 was inversely associated with intakes of legumes, vegetables, beta carotene, and vitamin C. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha was inversely associated with beta carotene (r=-0.14, P=0.02) and luteolin (r=-0.15, P=0.02).Conclusion Study results show that the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are already present by early adolescence and provide support for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans "to consume five or more servings per day" of fruits and vegetables to promote beneficial cardiovascular health.

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Authors
Holt, E. M., Steffen, L. M., Moran, A., Basu, S., Steinberger, J., Ross, J. A., Hong, C.-P., & Sinaiko, A. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author
Steffen, Lyn M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-03
Volume
109
Issue
3
Pages
414-421
ISSN
0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.036
PMC
PMC2676354
OpenAlex
W2051281636
Cited by
496
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 30
FWCI
26.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL052851, HL-52851)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords
fruit and vegetable intake, dietary flavonoids, antioxidants, folic acid, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, vitamin C, beta-carotene, adolescents, cardiovascular disease prevention, dietary guidelines, Fabaceae, luteolin, dietary habits, body mass index, sex differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Antioxidants, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Flavonoids, Folic Acid, Fruit, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vegetables, Dinoprost, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Oxidative Stress, Statistics, Nonparametric, F2-Isoprostanes

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