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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Relation to Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Background Fruits and vegetables, foods rich in flavonoids and antioxidants, have been associated with lower risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are predictors of coronary heart disease risk; however, it is unknown whether these markers are related to dietary flavonoid and antioxidant intake in youth.Objective To determine whether greater intakes of fruit and vegetables, antioxidants, folate, and total flavonoids were inversely associated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in 285 adolescent boys and girls aged 13 to 17 years.Design In this cross-sectional study conducted between February 1996 and January 2000, diet was assessed by a 127-item food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight measurements were obtained and a fasting blood sample drawn. Spearman partial correlation analyses evaluated the relation of intakes of fruit and vegetables, antioxidants, folate, and flavonoids with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) metabolite and oxidative stress (urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F(2alpha), an F(2)-isoprostane), adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake, and body mass index.Results Urinary F(2)-isoprostane was inversely correlated with intakes of total fruit and vegetables, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. Serum C-reactive protein was significantly inversely associated with intakes of fruit (r=-0.19; P=0.004), vitamin C (r=-0.13, P=0.03), and folate (r=-0.18; P=0.004). Serum interleukin-6 was inversely associated with intakes of legumes, vegetables, beta carotene, and vitamin C. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha was inversely associated with beta carotene (r=-0.14, P=0.02) and luteolin (r=-0.15, P=0.02).Conclusion Study results show that the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are already present by early adolescence and provide support for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans "to consume five or more servings per day" of fruits and vegetables to promote beneficial cardiovascular health.
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“Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been correlated with decreased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD).”
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“Folate, together with vitamins B12 and B6 as cofactors, is required to maintain Hcy levels within a normal range (Brouwer et al., 1999; Holt et al., 2009; van Bussel et al., 2011), because at high concentrations, Hcy is proinflammatory, leads to oxidative stress and has been associated with an…”
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“Flavonoid-rich food intake was significantly and inversely related to TNF- and IL-6 [1, 18, 19].”
BackgroundUV-B-mediated flavonoid synthesis in white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
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Diet quality scores and oxidative stress in Korean adults
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“Also, food intake has been related to oxidative stress modulation and controlling antioxidant intake has been reported to protect against oxidative damage and related inflammatory complications (Holt et al., 2009).”
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“Finally, because higher maternal inflammation and oxidative stress have been associated with higher offspring adiposity in both human [56] and animal studies [57], a maternal dietary pattern rich in fruit and vegetables (and therefore rich in anti-oxidants [58,59]) may have resulted in lowered maternal inflammation an…”
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“Finally, a cross-sectional study revealed the benefits related to the intake of fruit and vegetables on biomarkers of inflammation C-reactive protein, TNF-α, and in IL-6 in adolescents, decreasing F2 isoprostane urinary levels [61].”
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“Current epidemiologic studies have strongly suggested that the intake of flavonoids from the diet is helpful in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its related events including cardiovascular heart disease [10].”
BackgroundChildhood Obesity: Immune Response and Nutritional Approaches
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“general recommendations associated to other recent dietary guidelines (55, 56) are primarily based on low intakes of saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, added sugar and salt, energy intake, and PA according to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) model (57, 58).”
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Shaping functional gut microbiota using dietary bioactives to reduce colon cancer risk
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“It is widely accepted that the consumption of fruits and vegetables prevents diseases related to the oxidative processes [8].”
BackgroundHealth benefits of Mediterranean diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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“The tendency for high-fat and low-vegetable intake has been observed in patients affected by NCDs; meanwhile, the consumption of fruits and vegetables prevents diseases related to the oxidative processes and chronic inflammation [13].”
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A review of the protective effects of chlorogenic acid against different chemicals
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Role of fruits and vegetables in adolescent cardiovascular health: a systematic review
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“Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidant vitamins and various phytochemicals and may affect health through antiinflammatory activity.(30,31) There is growing evidence that certain groups of fruits and vegetables, such as cruciferous vegetables, may be particularly beneficial.”
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Dietary modifications in atopic dermatitis: patient-reported outcomes
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“Vegetables provide a wealth carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals that have been inversely correlated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and C-reactive protein (30).”
BackgroundEffectiveness of Mediterranean Diet’s Adherence in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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“Previous research in non-IBD populations has demonstrated the positive impact of dietary behaviors on inflammation and inflammatory markers, including C reactive protein [31,32].”
BackgroundBioactive compounds and medicinal properties of fruit juices
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“The scientific findings showed that consuming a variety of fruit juices (100 mL per day or more) has the potential to decrease numerous chronic diseases like cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases [30].”
BackgroundThe Macular Carotenoids are Associated with Cognitive Function in Preadolescent Children
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“Development is a time characterized by increased vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory stress [13] and children tend to have significantly lower intake of L and Z compared to adults [14].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Holt, E. M., Steffen, L. M., Moran, A., Basu, S., Steinberger, J., Ross, J. A., Hong, C.-P., & Sinaiko, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Steffen, Lyn M.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 414-421
- ISSN
- 0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2676354
- OpenAlex
- W2051281636
- Cited by
- 496
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 26.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL052851, HL-52851)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- fruit and vegetable intake, dietary flavonoids, antioxidants, folic acid, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, vitamin C, beta-carotene, adolescents, cardiovascular disease prevention, dietary guidelines, Fabaceae, luteolin, dietary habits, body mass index, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Antioxidants, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Flavonoids, Folic Acid, Fruit, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vegetables, Dinoprost, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Oxidative Stress, Statistics, Nonparametric, F2-Isoprostanes
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