Immunotherapy comes of age: Immune aging & checkpoint inhibitors
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are based on the understanding that there are multilayered checks and balances which can be manipulated to unleash already existing, but paralyzed, immune responses to cancer. These agents are safer and more efficacious than classic cytotoxic drugs making them a very attractive therapeutic option, especially in older adults. Current available data do not suggest significant age-associated differences in the clinical profile of ICIs. It must be noted, however, that there is still relatively little information on the use of ICIs in adults over 75years of age and aging is associated with a decline in the immune system or "immunosenescence" which theoretically can reduce the efficacy of these immune based therapies. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of ICIs, current clinical data on their use in older adults, and age-associated immune changes that might have a direct impact on their activity in this population. We chose to focus on mainly adaptive cellular immunity, and especially on components of the immune system that are implicated directly in the immune checkpoint process.
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In metastatic melanoma, the use of the MoAb Nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, alone or in combination with other antagonists, has survival benefits independently of age.
“In the metastatic melanoma, for example, the use of the MoAb Nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, alone or in combination with other antagonists, has survival benefits independently on age (170, 171).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [170]
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- Authors
- Elias, R., Karantanos, T., Sira, E., & Hartshorn, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- New York Medical College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elias, Rawad
- Venue
- Journal of Geriatric Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 229-235
- ISSN
- 1879-4068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2588635414
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geriatric Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunosenescence, older adults, cancer immunotherapy, mechanism of action
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms
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