Aging, immune senescence, and immunotherapy: a comprehensive review
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Older adults represent the majority of cancer patients; however, direct data evaluating ICIs in this patient population is lacking. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system known as "immunosenescence" that could impact the efficacy and safety profile of ICIs. In this paper, we review aging-associated changes in the immune system as they may relate to cancer and immunotherapy, with mention of the effect of chronic viral infections and frailty. Furthermore, we summarize the current clinical evidence of ICI effectiveness and toxicity among older adults with cancer.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors promote the immunological control of cancer cells by blocking immune inhibitory responses that are evolutionarily designed to prevent continuing immunological responses once an antigenic stimulus has been eradicated.
“In fact, immune checkpoint inhibitors promote the immunological control of cancer cells by blocking the immune inhibitory responses that are evolutionary designed to prevent continuing immunological responses once an antigenic stimulus has been eradicated (165).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [165]
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Immune Aging and Immunotherapy in Cancer
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- Authors
- Elias, R., Hartshorn, K., Rahma, O., Lin, N., & Snyder-Cappione, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Hartford Hospital (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elias, Rawad
- Venue
- Seminars in Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 187-200
- ISSN
- 0093-7754 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2898258916
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Seminars in Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P30AI042853)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, aging, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, older adults, cancer immunotherapy, chronic viral infection, frailty, immunotherapy toxicity, immunotherapy efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, Aging, Animals, Humans, Immunotherapy
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