The characterization of varicella zoster virus-specific T cells in skin and blood during aging
Open accessAbstract
Reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) increases during aging. Although the effects of VZV reactivation are observed in the skin (shingles), the number and functional capacity of cutaneous VZV-specific T cells have not been investigated. The numbers of circulating IFN-γ-secreting VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells are significantly decreased in old subjects. However, other measures of VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells, including proliferative capacity to VZV antigen stimulation and identification of VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells with an major histocompatibility complex class II tetramer (epitope of IE-63 protein), were similar in both age groups. The majority of T cells in the skin of both age groups expressed CD69, a characteristic of skin-resident T cells. VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in the skin compared with the blood in young and old subjects, and their function was similar in both age groups. In contrast, the number of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death -1 PD-1 on CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in the skin of older humans. Therefore, VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the skin of older individuals are functionally competent. However, their activity may be restricted by multiple inhibitory influences in situ.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Aged skin exhibits increased numbers of regulatory T cells and elevated expression of the immunosuppressive receptor PD-1, which may contribute to weakened adaptive immunity.
“Moreover, aged skin exhibits increased numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs)166 and elevated expression of the immunosuppressive receptor PD-1,165,167 which may contribute to weakened adaptive immunity.”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [167]
Little is known about how aging affects tissue-resident DCs and the niches where T cell activation occurs.
“Little is known about how aging impacts the function of tissue-resident DCs and the niches in which T cell activation occurs”
From Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging (2017) · cites this paper as Vukmanovic-Stejic et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence
FRANCESCHI, C., BONAFÈ, M., VALENSIN, S., OLIVIERI, F., DE LUCA, M., OTTAVIANI, E., & DE BENEDICTIS, G. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x · Cited by 5,358 · see citing works
Wherry, E. J. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2035 · Cited by 4,062 · cited 6× · see citing works
“The progressive loss of cytokine production and proliferative activity by CD4+ T cells as a result of chronic immune stimulation during persistent viral infections and cancer is associated with the expression of PD-1 and other inhibitory receptors (Wherry, 2011; Zajac et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialViral Immune Evasion Due to Persistence of Activated T Cells Without Effector Function
Zajac, A. J., Blattman, J. N., Murali-Krishna, K., Sourdive, D. J. D., Suresh, M., Altman, J. D., & Ahmed, R. (1998) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.188.12.2205 · Cited by 1,978 · see citing works
Arvin, A. M. (1996) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.9.3.361 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
Gebhardt, T., Wakim, L. M., Eidsmo, L., Reading, P. C., Heath, W. R., & Carbone, F. R. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1718 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Skin infection generates non-migratory memory CD8+ TRM cells providing global skin immunity
Jiang, X., Clark, R. A., Liu, L., Wagers, A. J., Fuhlbrigge, R. C., & Kupper, T. S. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10851 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
Arvin, A. M., Campadelli‐Fiume, G., Mocarski, E. S., Moore, P. S., Roizman, B., Whitley, R. J., & Yamanishi, K. (2007) · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Memory T Cell Subsets, Migration Patterns, and Tissue Residence
Mueller, S. N., Gebhardt, T., Carbone, F., & Heath, W. R. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095954 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Skon, C. N., Lee, J.-Y., Anderson, K. G., Masopust, D., Hogquist, K. A., & Jameson, S. C. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2745 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
The Vast Majority of CLA+ T Cells Are Resident in Normal Skin
Clark, R. A., Chong, B., Mirchandani, N., Brinster, N. K., Yamanaka, K.-I., Dowgiert, R. K., & Kupper, T. S. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4431 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Sensing and alarm function of resident memory CD8+ T cells
Schenkel, J., Fraser, K. A., Vezys, V., & Masopust, D. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2568 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Mackay, L. K., Stock, A. T., Ma, J., Jones, C. M., Kent, S., Mueller, S. N., Heath, W., Carbone, F., & Gebhardt, T. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1202288109 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Dynamic T cell migration program provides resident memory within intestinal epithelium
Masopust, D., Choo, D., Vezys, V., Wherry, E. J., Duraiswamy, J., Akondy, R., Wang, J., Casey, K. A., Barber, D. L., Kawamura, K. S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20090858 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Different patterns of peripheral migration by memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Gebhardt, T., Whitney, P. G., Zaid, A., Mackay, L. K., Brööks, A. G., Heath, W. R., Carbone, F. R., & Mueller, S. N. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10339 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
An expression atlas of human primary cells: inference of gene function from coexpression networks
Mabbott, N. A., Baillie, J. K., Brown, H. K., Freeman, T. C., & Hume, D. A. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-632 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationVukmanovic‐Stejic, M., Zhang, Y., Cook, J. E., Fletcher, J. M., McQuaid, A. J., Masters, J. E., Rustin, M. H. A., Taams, L. S., Beverley, P. C. L., Macallan, D. C., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28941 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Self-citationSuárez‐Fariñas, M., Tintle, S. J., Shemer, A., Chiricozzi, A., Nograles, K. E., Cardinale, I. R., Duan, S., Bowcock, A. M., Krueger, J. G., & Guttman‐Yassky, E. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1124 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationSénéschal, J., Clark, R. A., Gehad, A. E., Baecher‐Allan, C., & Kupper, T. S. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.03.018 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Zaba, L. C., Fuentes‐Duculan, J., Eungdamrong, N. J., Abello, M. V., Novitskaya, I., Pierson, K. C., Gonzalez, J., Krueger, J. G., & Lowes, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2008.194 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Self-citationLages, C. S., Suffia, I., Velilla, P. A., Huang, B., Warshaw, G., Hildeman, D. A., Belkaid, Y., & Chougnet, C. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1835 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
p38 signaling inhibits mTORC1-independent autophagy in senescent human CD8+ T cells
Henson, S. M., Lanna, A., Riddell, N. E., Franzese, O., Macaulay, R., Griffiths, S. J., Puleston, D. J., Watson, A. S., Simon, A. K., Tooze, S. A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci75051 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationThe number of human peripheral blood CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells increases with age
Gregg, R., Smith, C. M., Clark, F. J., Dunnion, D., Khan, N., Chakraverty, R. K., Nayak, L., & Moss, P. A. H. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02798.x · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Clark, R. A., Watanabe, R., Teague, J. E., Schlapbach, C., Tawa, M. C., Adams, N., Dorosario, A. A., Chaney, K. S., Cutler, C. S., LeBoeuf, N. R., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003008 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Preprocessing of oligonucleotide array data
Wu, Z. J., & Irizarry, R. A. (2004) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0604-656b · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Varicella‐Zoster Virus–Specific Immune Responses in Elderly Recipients of a Herpes Zoster Vaccine
Levin, M. J., Oxman, M. N., Zhang, J. H., Johnson, G. R., Stanley, H., Hayward, A. R., Caulfield, M. J., Irwin, M. R., Smith, J. G., Clair, J. S., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/528696 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Zaba, L. C., Fuentes-Duculan, J., Steinman, R., Krueger, J., & Lowes, M. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32282 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citationResident and “Inflammatory” Dendritic Cells in Human Skin
Zaba, L. C., Krueger, J. G., & Lowes, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2008.225 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationLevin, M. J., Smith, J. G., Kaufhold, R. M., Barber, D., Hayward, A. R., Chan, C. Y., Chan, I. S. F., Li, D. J. J., Wang, W., Keller, P. M., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/379048 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Skin-resident T cells: the ups and downs of on site immunity
Clark, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2009.247 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Immune surveillance by CD8αα+ skin-resident T cells in human herpes virus infection
Zhu, J., Peng, T., Johnston, C., Phasouk, K., Kask, A. S., Klock, A. M., Jin, L., Diem, K., Koelle, D. M., Wald, A., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12110 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Weinberg, A., Zhang, J. H., Oxman, M. N., Johnson, G. R., Hayward, A. R., Caulfield, M. J., Irwin, M. R., Clair, J. S., Smith, J. G., Stanley, H. A., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/605611 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Haniffa, M., Ginhoux, F., Wang, X.-N., Bigley, V., Abel, M., Dimmick, I., Bullock, S., Grisotto, M., Booth, T., Taub, P., et al. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20081633 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Wang, C. Q. F., Akalu, Y. T., Suárez‐Fariñas, M., Gonzalez, J., Mitsui, H., Lowes, M. A., Orlow, S. J., Manga, P., & Krueger, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.237 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationWeinberg, A., & Levin, M. J. (2010) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2010_31 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Reversible Senescence in Human CD4+CD45RA+CD27− Memory T Cells
Di Mitri, D., Azevedo, R. I., Henson, S. M., Libri, V., Riddell, N. E., Macaulay, R., Kipling, D., Soares, M. V. D., Battistini, L., & Akbar, A. N. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100978 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationPenaloza‐MacMaster, P., Kamphorst, A. O., Wieland, A., Araki, K., Iyer, S. S., West, E. E., O’Mara, L. A., Yang, S., Konieczny, B. T., Sharpe, A. H., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20132577 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Freeman, T. C., Goldovsky, L., Brosch, M., van Dongen, S., Mazière, P., Grocock, R. J., Freilich, S., Thornton, J., & Enright, A. J. (2007) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030206 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Asanuma, H., Sharp, M., Maecker, H. T., Maino, V. C., & Arvin, A. M. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315347 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Agius, E., Lacy, K. E., Vukmanovic‐Stejic, M., Jagger, A. L., Papageorgiou, A., Hall, S., Reed, J. R., Curnow, J., Fuentes‐Duculan, J., Buckley, C. D., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20090896 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationBromley, S. K., Yan, S., Tomura, M., Kanagawa, O., & Luster, A. D. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202805 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Homeostasis and function of regulatory T cells in aging
Raynor, J. L., Lages, C. S., Shehata, H. M., Hildeman, D. A., & Chougnet, C. A. (2012) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2012.04.005 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Intravaginal immunization with HPV vectors induces tissue-resident CD8+ T cell responses
Çuburu, N., Graham, B. S., Buck, C. B., Kines, R. C., Pang, Y.-Y. S., Day, P. M., Lowy, D. R., & Schiller, J. T. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63287 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Vukmanovic-Stejic, M., Agius, E., Booth, N., Dunne, P. J., Lacy, K. E., Reed, J. R., Sobande, T. O., Kissane, S., Salmon, M., Rustin, M. H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci35834 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationLymphocyte responses to varicella zoster virus in the elderly
Hayward, A. R., & Herberger, M. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/bf00916011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Weinberg, A., Lazar, A., Zerbe, G. O., Hayward, A. R., Chan, I. S. F., Vessey, R., Silber, J. L., MacGregor, R. R., Chan, K., Gershon, A. A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/651199 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Libri, V., Azevedo, R. I., Jackson, S. E., Di Mitri, D., Lachmann, R., Fuhrmann, S., Vukmanovic-Stejic, M., Yong, K., Battistini, L., Kern, F., et al. (2011) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03386.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationManipulating the PD-1 pathway to improve immunity
Kamphorst, A. O., & Ahmed, R. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.03.003 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Clinical evaluation of compounds targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer immunotherapy
Lü, J., Lee-Gabel, L., Nadeau, M. C., Ferencz, T. M., & Soefje, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/1078155214538087 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Immune responses in the skin in old age
Vukmanovic‐Stejic, M., Rustin, M. H. A., Nikolich‐Žugich, J., & Akbar, A. N. (2011) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.05.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationVaricella Zoster–Specific CD4+Foxp3+ T Cells Accumulate after Cutaneous Antigen Challenge in Humans
Vukmanovic‐Stejic, M., Sandhu, D., Sobande, T. O., Agius, E., Lacy, K. E., Riddell, N. E., Montez, S., Dintwe, O., Scriba, T. J., Breuer, J., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201331 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinct resident and recirculating memory T cell subsets in non-lymphoid tissues.
Carbone, F., Mackay, L. K., Heath, W., & Gebhardt, T. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.05.007 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Tang, V. A., & Rosenthal, K. (2010) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2010.06.155 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Varicella-zoster virus: molecular virology and virus–host interactions
Arvin, A. M. (2001) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00233-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Patterson‐Bartlett, J., Levin, M. J., Lang, N., Schödel, F. P., Vessey, R., & Weinberg, A. (2007) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.051 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Management of chickenpox in the adult
Wilkins, E., Leen, C. L. S., McKendrick, M. W., et al. (1998) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(98)80155-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A community-based survey of varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses in the elderly
Tang, H., Moriishi, E., Okamoto, S., Okuno, Y., Iso, H., Asada, H., Yamanishi, K., & Mori, Y. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2012.06.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
PD1 makes waves in anticancer immunotherapy
Flemming, A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3806 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
van Besouw, N. M., Verjans, G. M. G. M., Zuijderwijk, J. M., Litjens, N. H. R., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Weimar, W. W. (2012) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.23427 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Jones, L., Black, A. P., Malavige, G. N., et al. (2007) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200737648 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
"Harshlighting" small blemishes on microarrays
Suárez‐Fariñas, M., Haider, A. S., & Wittkowski, K. M. (2005) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-6-65 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, L. O., Black, A. P., Malavige, G. N., et al. (2008) · British Journal of Dermatology · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Brosch, L. (2016) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gershon, A. A. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511545313.071 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Goldblatt, D. (1998) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(98)80150-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Qian, P., & Huang, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8 · Cited by 1,443 · see citing works
Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging
Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.010 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Efficacy of PD-1 & PD-L1 inhibitors in older adults: a meta-analysis
Elias, R., Giobbie-Hurder, A., McCleary, N. J., Ott, P., Hodi, F. S., & Rahma, O. (2018) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0336-8 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Zhou, L., Leonard, A., Pavel, A. B., Malik, K., Raja, A., Glickman, J., Estrada, Y. D., Peng, X., del Duca, E., Sanz-Cabanillas, J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.015 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunotherapy comes of age: Immune aging & checkpoint inhibitors
Elias, R., Karantanos, T., Sira, E., & Hartshorn, K. L. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2017.02.001 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Vukmanovic-Stejic, M., Chambers, E. S., Suárez-Fariñas, M., Sandhu, D., Fuentes-Duculan, J., Patel, N., Agius, E., Lacy, K. E., Turner, C. T., Larbi, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.032 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationChambers, E. S., Vukmanovic-Stejic, M., Shih, B. B., Trahair, H., Subramanian, P., Devine, O. P., Glanville, J., Gilroy, D., Rustin, M. H. A., Freeman, T. C., et al. (2021) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-020-00010-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationCan blocking inflammation enhance immunity during aging?
Chambers, E. S., & Akbar, A. N. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.016 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Gisbergen, K. P. J. M., Zens, K. D., & Münz, C. (2021) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202049062 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Gardner, J. K., Mamotte, C. D. S., Jackaman, C., & Nelson, D. J. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zuelgaray, E., Boccara, D., Ly Ka So, S., Boismal, F., Mimoun, M., Bagot, M., Bensussan, A., Bouaziz, J., & Michel, L. (2019) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.13842 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vukmanovic-Stejic, M., Sandhu, D., Seidel, J. A., Patel, N., Sobande, T. O., Agius, E., Jackson, S. E., Fuentes-Duculan, J., Suárez-Fariñas, M., Mabbott, N. A., Lacy, K. E., Ogg, G., Nestle, F. O., Krueger, J. G., Rustin, M. H. A., & Akbar, A. N.
- Affiliations
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Roslin Institute (GB)
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Akbar, Arne N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1752-1762
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4471118
- OpenAlex
- W2052608148
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Skin Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Keywords
- varicella-zoster virus, aging, CD4+ T cells, skin-resident T cells, herpes zoster, interferon-gamma, CD69, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, PD-1, MHC class II tetramers, T cell proliferation, T cell reactivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Biopsy, Needle, Cells, Cultured, Female, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Herpes Zoster, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Skin, Herpesvirus 3, Human, Virus Activation, Cohort Studies, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Case-Control Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
