Using trait–state models to evaluate the longitudinal consistency of global self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood
Open accessAbstract
The present research used a latent variable trait-state model to evaluate the longitudinal consistency of self-esteem during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Analyses were based on ten administrations of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) spanning the ages of approximately 13 to 32 for a sample of 451 participants. Results indicated that a completely stable trait factor and an autoregressive trait factor accounted for the majority of the variance in latent self-esteem assessments, whereas state factors accounted for about 16% of the variance in repeated assessments of latent self-esteem. The stability of individual differences in self-esteem increased with age consistent with the cumulative continuity principle of personality development.
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Self-esteem rank-order stability increases from lowest in childhood and adolescence to highest in middle age.
“The stability of individual differences in self-esteem was found to increase from the lowest stability in childhood and adolescence to the highest stability in middle age (Donnellan et al., 2012;Kuster & Orth, 2013;Trzesniewski et al., 2003).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Donnellan et al., 2012
The Results (STARTS Models; page unavailable) show that self-esteem stability increased between ages 13 and 32, supporting the adolescence-to-adulthood trend. The study does not establish that stability is lowest in childhood or highest in middle age; its observations begin at age 13 and end at age 32. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent research has decomposed multi-wave self-esteem data into trait and smaller state components.
“In line with this idea recent research was able to decompose multi-wave data of self-esteem into trait and (smaller) state components (Alessandri et al., 2016;Donnellan et al., 2012).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Donnellan et al., 2012
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“The Trait-State Debate There is a longstanding debate as to whether global self-esteem is best conceptualized as a psychological trait or state (e.g., Conley, 1984; Harter, 2006; Harter & Whitesell, 2003; Trzesniewski et al., 2003).”
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“Another approach would be to estimate the state and trait variance in each sibling and then test the degree to which the state and trait variance in one construct is associated with the state and trait variance in the other construct (Donnellan et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe Long-Term Stability of Self-Esteem: Its Time-Dependent Decay and Nonzero Asymptote
Kuster, F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213480189 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-esteem, narcissism, and stressful life events: Testing for selection and socialization.
Orth, U., & Luciano, E. C. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000049 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“The trait factor explained 77% of the total variance of the latent self-esteem factors, which is consistent with findings from previous studies suggesting that self-esteem has a strong trait component (Donnellan, Kenny, Trzesniewski, Lucas, & Conger, 2012; Kuster & Orth, 2013).”
The Stability of Extreme Response Style and Acquiescence Over 8 Years
Wetzel, E., Lüdtke, O., Zettler, I., & Böhnke, J. (2016) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191115583714 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The Benefits of Following Your Pride: Authentic Pride Promotes Achievement
Weidman, A. C., Tracy, J. L., & Elliot, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12184 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Given that authentic pride, as a momentary emotional experience, is presumably more susceptible than self-esteem to transient shifts following achievement and relationship-relevant events (Donnellan et al., 2012; Ekman, 1992; Kuppens et al., 2010; Kuster & Orth, 2013), fluctuations in authentic pride may underlie indi…”
Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00006-1 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
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Work Experiences and Self-Esteem Development: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Krauss, S., & Orth, U. (2022) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070211027142 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework
Reitz, A. K. (2022) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12709 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-Esteem and the Quality of Romantic Relationships
Yasemin Erol, R., & Orth, U. (2016) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000259 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Moving Personality Development Research Forward: Applications Using Structural Equation Models
Jackson, J. J., & Allemand, M. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1964 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Social media and its relationship with mood, self‐esteem and paranoia in psychosis
Berry, N., Emsley, R., Lobban, F., & Bucci, S. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12953 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Trait self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), which consists of 10 statements on a 4-point scale (1 = strongly agree; 4 = strongly disagree) and can be used to measure both trait and state self-esteem (45).”
MethodSchool Psychological Capital: Instrument Development, Validation, and Prediction
King, R. B., & Caleon, I. S. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-020-09757-1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self‐esteem Is Mostly Stable Across Young Adulthood: Evidence from Latent STARTS Models
Wagner, J., Lüdtke, O., & Trautwein, U. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12178 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Altogether, being able to replicate the findings by Donnellan et al. (2012) with this sample would strengthen the earlier conclusions.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialChen, V., Widjaja, A. E., & Yen, D. C. (2015) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2015.1067479 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“However, albeit smaller than trait-like factors, state-like factors in SE were also accounted for some variances, suggesting that SE actually has both trait and state components (Donellan et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCoffey, J. K., & Warren, M. T. (2020) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-020-09825-7 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“2003; Leary 2005), the changes from age 16 to 29 may explain why the stability of self-esteem over this period is low to moderate (Donnellan et al. 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGana, K., Broc, G., & Bailly, N. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.030 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Wagner, J., Hoppmann, C., Ram, N., & Gerstorf, D. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038338 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“However, self-esteem is also known to have state-like components that may go up and down over shorter time scales (Donnellan et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHigh, low, and in between: Self-esteem development from middle childhood to young adulthood
Chung, J. M., Hutteman, R., van Aken, M. A. G., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2017) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.07.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Rank-order stability of self-esteem is lowest in early childhood and old age, relatively low but increasing in adolescence, and highest in adult-hood (Donnellan, Kenny, Trzesniewski, Lucas, & Conger, 2012; Orth & Robins, 2014; Trzesniewski, Donnellan, & Robins, 2003).”
Development of MPFC function mediates shifts in self-protective behavior provoked by social feedback
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Development of narcissism across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.
Orth, U., Krauss, S., & Back, M. D. (2024) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000436 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Wagner, J., Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Göllner, R., & Trautwein, U. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12330 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Explaining the “How” of Self-Esteem Development: The Self-Organizing Self-Esteem Model
Ruiter, N. M. P. D., van Geert, P. L. C., & Kunnen, E. S. (2017) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000099 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Owner of a lonely heart: The stability of loneliness across the life span.
Mund, M., Lüdtke, O., & Neyer, F. J. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000262 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Lv, X., Wang, L., Li, J., & Gao, X. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107647 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Survival of the Fittest and the Sexiest: Evolutionary Origins of Adolescent Bullying
Koh, J.-B., & Wong, J. S. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515593546 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The lifespan development of self-esteem
Orth, U. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804674-6.00012-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., & Wagner, J. (2017) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000155 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Unraveling the complex relationship between work transitions and self-esteem and life satisfaction.
Reitz, A. K., Luhmann, M., Bleidorn, W., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000423 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Predictors of psychological risk and resilience among Syrian refugee children
Popham, C. M., McEwen, F. S., Karam, E. G., Fayyad, J. A., Karam, G., Saab, D., Moghames, P., & Pluess, M. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13670 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Age as double‐edged sword among victims of customer mistreatment: A self‐esteem threat perspective
Amarnani, R. K., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Abbasi, A. A. (2019) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21949 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships across time.
de Moor, E. L., Denissen, J. J. A., Emons, W. H. M., Bleidorn, W., Luhmann, M., Orth, U., & Chung, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000379 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The development of the rank-order stability of the Big Five across the life span.
Seifert, I. S., Rohrer, J. M., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000398 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-esteem and financial risk-taking
Sekścińska, K., Jaworska, D., & Rudzińska‐Wojciechowska, J. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110576 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Comparison of Student Health and Well-Being Profiles and Social Media Use
Wright, R. R., Schaeffer, C., Mullins, R., Evans, A. M., & Cast, L. (2020) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.1.14 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Geriatric Depression Scale: does it measure depressive mood, depressive affect, or both?
Gana, K., Bailly, N., Broc, G., Cazauvieilh, C., & Boudouda, N. E. (2016) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4582 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Notable among them is the stable trait, autoregressive trait, and state model (STARTS; Kenny and Zautra, 2001; Donnellan et al., 2012).2 This model is depicted by the path diagram in Figure 1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPersonality, intelligence, and academic achievement: Charting their developmental interplay
Bardach, L., Hübner, N., Nagengast, B., Trautwein, U., & von Stumm, S. (2023) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12810 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self‐esteem change during the transition from university to work
Reitz, A. K., Shrout, P. E., Denissen, J. J. A., Dufner, M., & Bolger, N. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12519 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The stability of self-esteem variability: A real-time assessment
Hank, P., & Baltes-Götz, B. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.03.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Prihadi, K. D., Hui, Y., Chua, M., & Chang, C. K. W. (2019) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v8i4.20266 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“bullying [34] and that this relationship is stronger among girls [35, 36], although the gender differences are not significant at college level [33].”
BackgroundCoping with recruiter stress: Hardiness, performance and well-being in US Army recruiters
Bartone, P. T., & Bowles, S. V. (2020) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2020.1780061 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Childhood maltreatment and psychological adjustment: a systematic review
Pacheco, J. T. B., Irigaray, T. Q., Werlang, B. S. G., Nunes, M. L. T., & Argimon, I. I. D. L. (2014) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1590/1678-7153.201427422 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it is possible that the impact of life events upon self-esteem may be more clearly observed in adulthood, as there is greater consistency in self-esteem by this point in development (Donnellan et al., 2012).”
The Development of Materialism in Emerging Adulthood: Stability, Change, and Antecedents
Jiang, W., Liu, H., & Jiang, J. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167220925234 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“, 2019), and self-esteem (Donnellan et al., 2012), and have found that trait effects contribute to the majority of the variance in the respective measures.”
BackgroundMethodRuiter, N. M. P. D., Hartigh, R. J. R. D., Cox, R. F. A., van Geert, P. L. C., & Kunnen, E. S. (2014) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.994026 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Braun, L., Göllner, R., Rieger, S., Trautwein, U., & Spengler, M. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000295 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Livingstone, L. T., Coventry, W. L., Corley, R. P., Willcutt, E. G., Samuelsson, S., Olson, R. K., & Byrne, B. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0145-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…variances were constrained to be equal across time-points; these constraints constitute an assumption of measurement invariance, meaning the relationship between state factors, half-scales, and errors (the measurement model) is assumed to be the same across all time-points (Donnellan et al. 2012).”
The development of global and domain self-esteem from ages 10 to 16 for Mexican-origin youth
Harris, M. A., Wetzel, E., Robins, R. W., Donnellan, M. B., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025416679744 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationRentzsch, K., & Schröder–Abé, M. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000393 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Betancourt, J. L., Alderson, R. M., Roberts, D. K., & Bullard, C. C. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102394 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Woodard, S. R., Chan, L., & Conway, L. G. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868320972299 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“As discussed above, the most important set of criteria for determining the existence of a trait are a construct’s generalizability across contexts and stability over time (see Chung et al., 2014; Donnellan et al., 2012; Mishra, Barclay, & Sparks, 2017; Mishra, Lalumière, & Williams, 2017; Sherman et al., 2015; Steyer…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWagner, J., Voelkle, M. C., Hoppmann, C. A., Luszcz, M. A., & Gerstorf, D. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025416679742 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Scherrer, V., Hank, P., & Preckel, F. (2022) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070221126789 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Trajectory of Nostalgia in Emerging Adulthood
Wang, Y., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Wu, M., & Cai, H. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672221143241 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…et al., 2012; Prenoveau et al., 2011), anxiety (73%-79%; Prenoveau et al., 2011), or chronic stress (61%-74%; Conway et al., 2016), but is as stable as self-esteem (34%-51%; Donnellan et al., 2012), life satisfaction (around 38%; Lucas & Donnellan, et al., 2007), or depression (54%-55%; Wu, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf‐Esteem as a Complex Dynamic System: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Microlevel Dynamics
Ruiter, N. M. P. D., Hollenstein, T., van Geert, P. L. C., & Kunnen, E. S. (2018) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2018/4781563 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Bayesian Approach to Estimating Reciprocal Effects with the Bivariate STARTS Model
Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., & Ulitzsch, E. (2022) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2022.2039585 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Arsandaux, J., Boujut, É., Salamon, R., Tzourio, C., & Galéra, C. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112117 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Scarpato, B. S., Swardfager, W., Eid, M., Ploubidis, G. B., & Cogo‐Moreira, H. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719003805 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reitz, A. K., Weidmann, R., Wünsche, J., Bühler, J. L., Burriss, R. P., & Grob, A. (2022) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070211054896 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
When It Comes to the Crunch: Retail Investor Decision-Making During Periods of Market Volatility
Brooks, C., & Williams, L. (2021) · International Review of Financial Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102038 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Continuity and Change in Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood
Chung, J. M., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Roberts, B. W., Noftle, E. E., & Widaman, K. F. (2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e571452013-142 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationCameranesi, M., & Piotrowski, C. C. (2017) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-017-0180-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Despite the persistence of a debate (Donnellan et al. 2012), the findings about self-esteem rank order stability across the life span have led researchers to conclude that self-esteem is a stable personality trait in adulthood, but not in childhood (Trzesniewski et al. 2013).”
BackgroundGelissen, J. (2019) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2018.1536567 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
State-trait decomposition of Name Letter Test scores and relationships with global self-esteem.
Perinelli, E., Alessandri, G., Donnellan, M. B., & Łaguna, M. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000125 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The links between parenting, self‐esteem, and depressive symptoms: a meta‐analysis
Tehrani, H. D., Yamini, S., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2024) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12435 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Endorsement of achievement goals across secondary school years: Applying a state-trait framework
Lee, E. J. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Perinelli, E., & Alessandri, G. (2020) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12308 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The many faces of narcissism: A question of situation perception?
Bauditz, S. C., Wright, A. G. C., Heß, U., & Ziegler, M. D. (2024) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104554 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wagner, J., Wieczorek, L. L., & Brandt, N. D. (2023) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000481 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ock, J. (2020) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12285 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…STARTS model, reliability is estimated as the ratio of the sum of the stable trait variance and autoregressive trait variance over the total variance (Donnellan et al., 2012), because the latent state factors are assumed to represent transient error that is specific to the measurement occasion.”
BackgroundUnraveling the Complex Relationship Between Work Transitions and Self-Esteem and Life SatisfactionPreprint
Reitz, A. K., Luhmann, M., Bleidorn, W., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/y2akc · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schmidt, N. P., & Talbot, D. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000497 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Self-esteem refers to an individual’s subjective evaluation of their own worth [39] and is often described as the sense that one is “good enough” [40].”
The Development of Implicit Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood
Wang, Y., Wu, W., Song, H., Wu, M., & Cai, H. (2017) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617726831 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Great uncertainties and frequent life changes offer ample opportunities for self-esteem to change during this period because selfesteem is dynamic and responsive to life events (Donnellan, Kenny, Trzesniewski, Lucas, & Conger, 2012; Kuster & Orth, 2013; Trzesniewski, Donnellan, & Robins, 2003).”
BackgroundUsing Dynamic Panel Models to Study Age–Related Differences and Time–Related Changes in Personality
Wagner, J., Lüdtke, O., & Voelkle, M. C. (2019) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2200 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…were able to illustrate the applicability and added value of this modelling approach with respect to Big Five personality, life satisfaction, and self-esteem (Anusic & Schimmack, 2016; Donnellan et al., 2012; Kuster & Orth, 2013; Lucas & Donnellan, 2007; Wagner et al., 2019; Wagner et al., 2016).”
MethodFilosa, L., Alessandri, G., & Robins, R. W. (2023) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070231206443 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fitting Single- and Multiple-Indicator STARTS Models as Dynamic Structural Equation Models
Nestler, S., Robitzsch, A., & Lüdtke, O. (2024) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2024.2415420 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Our discussion is based on Kenny and Zautra (1995), L € udtke and Robitzsch (2022), L € udtke et al. (2023), and Donnellan et al. (2012).”
Practices in State Self-Esteem Research: An Analysis of Enacted Ontologies
Ruiter, N. M. P. D. (2022) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2022.2130323 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…(i.e., the absolute level) is commonly referred to as trait self-esteem, whereas the fluctuating property (i.e., daily fluctuations) is referred to as state self-esteem (e.g., Alessandri et al., 2013; De Ruiter et al., 2017; Donnellan et al., 2012; Hank & Baltes-Götz, 2019; Hutteman et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf‐esteem trajectories across 25 years and midlife intimate relations
Johnson, M. D., Galambos, N. L., & Krahn, H. J. (2015) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12100 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Elusive Quantification of Self-Esteem: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Dominicis, S. D., & Molinario, E. (2022) · Health informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_11 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Contexts of Communication Apprehension and Their Relation to Self-Esteem
Oliart, A. C., Lovelace, C. T., & Levitan, L. C. (2020) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.1.42 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Age Differences in the Effects of Self-Esteem
Chui, H. C., & Diehl, M. K. (2016) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000157 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neural basis of self-esteem: social cognitive and emotional regulation insights
Aki, M., Shibata, M., Fujita, Y., Spantios, M., Kobayashi, K., Ueno, T., Miyagi, T., Yoshimura, S., Oishi, N., Murai, T., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1588567 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Daily activities and self-esteem among university students with and without ADHD
Turner, E. H., & Harty, S. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1622354 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Perinelli, E., Filosa, L., Avanzi, L., & Fraccaroli, F. (2022) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2022.2115495 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brent Donnellan, M., Kenny, D. A., Trzesniewski, K. H., Lucas, R. E., & Conger, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 634-645
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3501685
- OpenAlex
- W2084552780
- Semantic Scholar
- 2acab2a3d92b59043cd13774b26bf0541c0d3ca9
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062989, R01MH051361, T32MH019734, K05MH000567)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD047573, R01HD051746, R01HD064687)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- self-esteem, longitudinal consistency, adolescence, adulthood, personality development, individual differences, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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