Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement.
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According to the JD-R model, high levels of psychological, social, physical, and organizational demands are related to work burnout, whereas psychological, social, physical, and organizational resources are related to work engagement.
“According to the JD-R model (Demerouti et al., 2001; Bakker et al., 2003a) high level of psychological, social, physical, and organizational demands are related to work burnout, whereas psychological, social, physical, and organizational resources are related to work engagement (Xanthopoulou et al., 2009; Alarcon, 2011; Salmela-Aro and Upadyaya, 2014).”
From Work Burnout and Engagement Profiles Among Teachers (2019) · cites this paper as Xanthopoulou et al., 2009
Work engagement is a vital mediator between teacher workload, organizational support, and overall wellbeing.
“Work engagement emerges as a vital mediator within the nexus between teacher workload, organizational support, and overall wellbeing (Bakker and Demerouti, 2007; Xanthopoulou et al., 2009).”
From Exploring the impact of workload, organizational support, and work engagement on teachers' psychological wellbeing: a structural equation modeling approach (2024) · cites this paper as Xanthopoulou et al., 2009
Perceived organizational support influences educators' work engagement, fostering a constructive work-related state.
“Perceived organizational support profoundly influences educators’ work engagement, fostering a constructive work-related state (Eisenberger et al., 2001; Xanthopoulou et al., 2009; Sudibjo and Manihuruk, 2022; Journell, 2023).”
From Exploring the impact of workload, organizational support, and work engagement on teachers' psychological wellbeing: a structural equation modeling approach (2024) · cites this paper as Xanthopoulou et al., 2009
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Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
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The job demands-resources model of burnout.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499 · Cited by 13,643 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art
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Self-citationJob demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study
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Burnout and work engagement among teachers
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“Specifically, we conducted item-level confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), as proposed by Gerbing and Anderson (1984). For the job resources factor we compared an uncorrelated, first-order CFA model (where the five job resources with their respective items were represented as independent constructs) with a second-order…”
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Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000056 · Cited by 6,979 · see citing works
Self-citationWork engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology
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Self-citationJob Demands—Resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout
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“Xanthopoulou et al. (2009a, 2009b) showed that personal resources had predictive validity for job resources, work engagement, and financial returns.”
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- Authors
- Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Xanthopoulou, Despoina
- Venue
- Journal of Vocational Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 235-244
- ISSN
- 0001-8791 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051598779
- Cited by
- 1,882
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 125 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 163 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 58.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Vocational Behavior (publishedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employer Branding and e-HRM
- Keywords
- job resources, personal resources, work engagement, conservation of resources theory, bidirectional relationship, employee well-being, workplace adaptation, longitudinal associations
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