Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: a multidimensional approach
Open accessAbstract
The practice of remote e-working, which involves work conducted at anyplace, anytime, using technology, is on the increase. The aim of this systematic literature review is to gain a deeper understanding of the association between remote e-working, within knowledge workers, and the five dimensions of well-being at work: affective, cognitive, social, professional, and psychosomatic. Sixty-three studies employing quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method designs have been included in the review. Findings indicate that we know more about remote e-workers’ affective state and their social and professional life than we know about their cognitive functioning and psychosomatic conditions. Whilst the research indicates a positive focus there are some negative aspects of this way of working which are highlighted within this review; such as social and professional isolation, and perceived threats in professional advancement. This review may be of great importance for academics, to continue the theoretical advancement of research into remote e-working, and practitioners, to implement and manage remote e-working attitudes and policies more effectively.
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Virtual team members predominantly interact via technology, which might influence the quality of relationships they develop and consequently relatedness need satisfaction.
“Virtual team members predominantly interact via technology, which — as described in the previous section — might influence the quality of relationships they can develop with their team members141,167,168 and consequently the satisfaction of relatedness needs169.”
From Understanding and shaping the future of work with self-determination theory (2022) · cites this paper as [141]
The Social well-being dimension section says reduced face-to-face contact can affect remote workers’ relationships, and the section on factors related to social well-being discusses connectedness and isolation. These passages support the possibility that remote interaction affects relationships, but they do not establish the further claim, attached to this citation, about satisfaction of relatedness needs. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecovery, especially psychological detachment from work, was greatly impaired by telework.
“It is known that recovery, in special the psychological detachment from work, was greatly impaired by telework [28]”
From Boundary violations and university teachers' well-being during mandatory telework: Recovery's role and gender differences (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says blurred work–home boundaries may hinder recuperation and mental detachment, but calls for further research on whether remote work makes switching off harder. The review does not establish that telework greatly impairs recovery: its study summary reports similarly effective restoration overall for teleworkers and non-teleworkers, while noting a less effective result for women in one small sample. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVirtual work can challenge meeting workers' need for relatedness.
“Virtual work can also present challenges for meeting workers’ need for relatedness141.”
From Understanding and shaping the future of work with self-determination theory (2022) · cites this paper as [141]
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Redman, T., Snape, E., & Ashurst, C. (2009) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00640.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Visibility in the workplace: still an essential ingredient for career success?
McDonald, P. K., Bradley, L. M., & Brown, K. A. (2008) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585190802479447 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tietze, S., & Nadin, S. (2011) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2010.00137.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hornung, S., & Glaser, J. (2009) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.104.2.395-402 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Fay, M. J., & Kline, S. L. (2012) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2011.582921 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The new nowhere land? A research and practice agenda for the “always on” culture
McDowall, A., & Kinman, G. (2017) · Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance · doi:10.1108/joepp-05-2017-0045 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Haar, J. M., & van der Lippe, T. (2010) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2010.528666 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Knowledge work and telework: an exploratory study
Bentley, K., & Yoong, P. (2000) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662240010342658 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Homeworkers' usage of mobile phones; social isolation in the home‐workplace
Lal, B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2009) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/17410390910949715 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Telework and Work-Life Balance: Some Dimensions for Organisational Change
Gálvez, A., Martínez, M. J., & Pérez, C. (2011) · Journal of Workplace Rights · doi:10.2190/wr.16.3-4.b · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Baker, E., Avery, G. C., & Crawford, J. (2006) · Information Resources Management Journal · doi:10.4018/irmj.2006100101 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Flexible Work Schedules and Employee Well-being
Hayman, J. (2010) · New Zealand journal of employment relations · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Reducing prolonged sitting in the workplace: An evidence review: full report
Healy, G. N., Lawler, S., Thorp, A. A., Neuhaus, M., Robson, E. L., Owen, N. G., & Dunstan, D. W. (2012) · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Good teleworking”: under what conditions does teleworking enhance employees' well-being?
Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635373.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Environmental and Person Antecedents of Telecommuting Outcomes
Haines, V. Y., St-Onge, S., & Archambault, M. (2002) · Journal of Organizational and End User Computing · doi:10.4018/joeuc.2002070103 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Benefits, Challenges, and Implications of Teleworking: A Literature Review
Madsen, S. R. (2003) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Management communication strategies determine job satisfaction in telecommuting
Ilozor, D. B., Ilozor, B. D., & Carr, J. N. (2001) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/02621710110399783 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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Chen, W., & McDonald, S. (2014) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764214556808 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ergonomics for Telecommuters and Other Remote Workers
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Glass Ceilings and 100-Hour Couples: What the Opt-Out Phenomenon Can Teach Us about Work and Family
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Fersch, B. (2012) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038512437894 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Future Work (Expanded and Updated)
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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- El-Farr, H. K. (2009). Knowledge work and workers: A critical literature review. Leed University Business School, Working Paper Series, 1(1), 1-15.
- Mazzi, A. (1996), "Alternative office structures for telecommuters'', Watson, R. and Bostrom, R. (Eds), Proceedings of Telecommuting '96 Conference, Florida, http://www.cba.uga.edu/tc96/ proceedings.html
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding and shaping the future of work with self-determination theory
Gagné, M., Parker, S. K., Griffin, M. A., Dunlop, P. D., Knight, C., Klonek, F. E., & Parent-Rocheleau, X. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00056-w · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Wöhrmann, A. M., & Ebner, C. (2021) · New Technology Work and Employment · doi:10.1111/ntwe.12208 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Niebuhr, F., Borle, P., Börner-Zobel, F., & Voelter-Mahlknecht, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031122 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Leadership and technostress: A systematic literature review
Rademaker, T., Klingenberg, I., & Süß, S. (2025) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-023-00385-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Afota, M., Provost Savard, Y., Léon, E., & Ollier‐Malaterre, A. (2024) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12494 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Olsen, K. M., Hildrum, J., Kummen, K., & Leirdal, C. (2023) · Employee Relations: The International Journal · doi:10.1108/er-05-2022-0230 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Eustress and Distress in the Context of Telework
Van Slyke, C., Lee, J., Duong, B. Q., & Ellis, T. S. (2022) · Information Resources Management Journal · doi:10.4018/irmj.291526 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Islam, M. S., Amin, M., Karatepe, O. M., & Herjanto, H. (2022) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-05-2021-0111 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mascarenhas, M., Carvalho, V. S., Moretto, C. F., & Chambel, M. J. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18178-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Work Characteristics as Determinants of Remote Working Acceptance: Integrating UTAUT and JD-R Models
Massa, N., Santarpia, F. P., & Consiglio, C. (2023) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35596-7_12 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E.
- Affiliations
- Coventry University (GB)
- Cyprus Institute of Marketing (CY)
- Corresponding author
- Charalampous, Maria
- Venue
- European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-73
- ISSN
- 1359-432X (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0643
- OpenAlex
- W2899096530
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 158 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 23
- FWCI
- 58.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Technostress in Professional Settings
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- remote work, employee well-being, emotional well-being, cognitive well-being, social well-being, professional well-being, psychosomatic well-being, knowledge workers, social isolation, professional isolation, career development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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