Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling during inflammation

Smoak, Kathleen A.; Cidlowski, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.06.010

Cited by 421Estrogen and related hormone effectsNF-κB Signaling PathwaysAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling during inflammation

Smoak, Kathleen A., Cidlowski, John A.·2004·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2004.06.010

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Abstract

Glucocorticoids are among the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs. They act by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that, upon activation, translocates to the nucleus and either stimulates or inhibits gene expression. GR inhibition of many proinflammatory response genes occurs through induction of the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins as well as through repression of proinflammatory transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) or activator protein-1 (AP-1). In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying GR inhibition of inflammatory responses, with an emphasis on repression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and their respective signaling pathways.

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Activation of JNK results in phosphorylation of c-Jun, which in turn dimerizes with c-Fos to form AP-1, which has been shown to interact with the GR through protein-protein interactions.
“Activation of JNK results in phosphorylation of c-Jun, which in turn dimerizes with c-Fos to form AP-1, which has been shown to interact with the GR through protein-protein interactions (Fig. 2).62”
From Cytokines and Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling (2009) · cites this paper as [62]
Glucocorticoids tend to confer protective, anti-inflammatory effects.
“as GCs tend to confer protective, anti-inflammatory effects.36,41–43”
From Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
GCs have potent anti-inflammatory benefits.
“GCs have potent anti-inflammatory benefits,35,36 so the presence of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, both previously associated with anti-inflammatory”
From Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [36]

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“both NF-jB and AP-1 mediated gene transcription (Smoak and Cidlowski, 2004).”
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Authors: Smoak, K. A., & Cidlowski, J. A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Cidlowski, John A.
ORCID: Cidlowski, John A.
Venue: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-10
Volume: 125
Issue: 10-11
Pages: 697-706
ISSN: 0047-6374 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.06.010
OpenAlex: W1998086294
Cited by: 420
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: glucocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid signaling, inflammation, NF-κB, activator protein-1, transcriptional repression, anti-inflammatory gene expression
MeSH terms: Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Inflammation, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Transcription Factor AP-1

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Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling during inflammation

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