Cited by 506Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersTryptophan and brain disorders

Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection

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Silverman, Marni N., Pearce, Brad D., Biron, Christine A., Miller, Andrew H.·2005·Viral Immunology

Abstract

Compelling data has been amassed indicating that soluble factors, or cytokines, emanating from the immune system can have profound effects on the neuroendocrine system, in particular the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA activation by cytokines (via the release of glucocorticoids), in turn, has been found to play a critical role in restraining and shaping immune responses. Thus, cytokine-HPA interactions represent a fundamental consideration regarding the maintenance of homeostasis and the development of disease during viral infection. Although reviews exist that focus on the bi-directional communication between the immune system and the HPA axis during viral infection (188,235), others have focused on the immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids during viral infection (14,225). This review, however, concentrates on the other side of the bi-directional loop of neuroendocrine-immune interactions, namely, the characterization of HPA axis activity during viral infection and the mechanisms employed by cytokines to stimulate glucocorticoid release.

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Crossref · 10.1089/vim.2005.18.41

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  • Binding of glucocorticoids to glucocorticoid receptors in immune cells downregulates cytokine production.

    “GRs can be found in immune cells and binding of glucocorticoids to the GRs downregulates cytokine production (Silverman et al., 2005).”
  • The proinflammatory cytokine, noradrenaline, and dopamine promote CRF secretion, activate the sympathetic nerve system, and promote immune reactions; during this process the temperature of the CNS increases and sickness behaviors may be induced.

    “The proinflammatory cytokine, NA, and DA promote CRF secretion, activate the sympathetic nerve system, and promote immune reactions. During this process, the temperature of the CNS increases and sickness behaviors may be induced[27].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [51]Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Scherbaum WA. Morphological and functional studies of the paracrine interaction between cortex and medulla in the adrenal gland. Microsc Res Tech. 1997;36:520–533. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970315)36:6<520::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-L. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
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Authors
Silverman, M. N., Pearce, B. D., Biron, C. A., & Miller, A. H.
Affiliations
  • Emory University (US)
  • Brown University (US)
Venue
Viral Immunology
Published
2005-03
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
41-78
ISSN
  • 0882-8245 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-8976
OpenAlex
W1999182152
Cited by
506
References
345
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
FWCI
7.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Viral Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, viral infection, cytokines, glucocorticoids, neuroendocrine-immune interaction, HPA axis activation, immunomodulation, homeostasis
MeSH terms
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Glucocorticoids, HIV, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Neurosecretory Systems, Newcastle disease virus, Orthomyxoviridae, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Poly I-C, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Virus Diseases, Cytokines, Muromegalovirus, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Mice

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