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Cited by 224Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and HealthSports Performance and Training

Separate effects of intensity and amount of exercise on interindividual cardiorespiratory fitness response.

Ross, Robert, de Lannoy, Louise, Stotz, Paula J.·2015·Mayo Clinic Proceedings
DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.024
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Abstract

Objective To determine the separate effects of exercise intensity and amount on interindividual cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response.Participants and methods Participants were 121 (75 females, 62%) sedentary, middle-aged (mean [SD] age, 53.2 [7.5] years), abdominally obese adults who completed at least 90% of 5 weekly exercise sessions prescribed over a 24-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to (1) low-amount, low-intensity exercise (LALI) (180 and 300 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of CRF [VO 2peak]; n=39), (2) high-amount, low-intensity exercise (HALI) (360 and 600 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of CRF; n=51), or high-amount, high-intensity exercise (HAHI) (360 and 600 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 75% of CRF; n=31). Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a treadmill test at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The study duration was September 1, 2009, through May 31, 2013.Results Cardiorespiratory fitness increased within all 3 groups at 24 weeks (P<.001). At 24 weeks, 38.5% (15 of 39), 17.6% (9 of 51), and 0% (0 of 31) of the participants within the LALI, HALI, and HAHI groups, respectively, were CRF nonresponders. At a fixed exercise intensity, increasing exercise amount reduced the rate of nonresponse by 50% (P=.02). At a fixed amount of exercise, increasing the exercise intensity eliminated nonresponse (P=.001). Exposure to exercise decreased the number of CRF nonresponders between 4 and 8 weeks for LALI and by 16 weeks for HALI but plateaued thereafter. For HAHI, the number of CRF nonresponders decreased continually over the 24 weeks.Conclusion For a fixed amount of exercise, increasing exercise intensity consistent with consensus recommendations eliminated CRF nonresponse. Low-intensity exercise may not be sufficient to improve CRF for a substantial proportion of sedentary obese adults.

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  • Recent studies have observed gradual decreases in the number of CRF non-responders with increasing doses of ET in individuals who completed ≥90% of the exercise sessions prescribed.

    “Likewise, recent studies have observed gradual decreases in the number of CRF non-responders with increasing doses of ET in individuals who completed ≥ 90 % of the exercise sessions prescribed (Sisson et al., 2009;Ross et al., 2015).”

    From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015

  • The influence of ET dose on CRF non-response was recently examined in 3 groups of obese adults exposed to 3 distinct levels of exercise amount and intensity for 6 months; CRF non-response was observed in 39, 18 and 0% of obese individuals respectively randomized to low-amount/low-intensity, high-amount/low-intensity or high-amount/high-intensity ET.

    “The influence of ET dose on CRF non-response was recently examined in 3 groups of obese adults exposed to 3 distinct levels of exercise amount and intensity for 6 months (Ross et al., 2015).”

    From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015

  • Previous reports suggest raising the minimum level of exercise dose in physical activity guidelines for healthy adults.

    “This finding concurs with previous reports suggesting to raise the minimum level of exercise dose in physical activity guidelines for healthy adults (Bacon et al., 2013;Ross et al., 2015).”

    From Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training (2017) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015

  • No global non-responders exist.

    “Remarkably, it has also been highlighted that no “global non-responders” exist (Ross et al., 2015; Bonafiglia et al., 2016; Montero and Lundby, 2017; Pickering and Kiely, 2017c, 2018b; Toigo, 2019).”

    From Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research (2019) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2015

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Authors
Ross, R., de Lannoy, L., & Stotz, P. J.
Affiliations
Queen's University (CA)
Corresponding author
Ross, Robert
ORCID
Venue
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-11
Volume
90
Issue
11
Pages
1506-1514
ISSN
0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.024
OpenAlex
W2100550631
Cited by
224
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11
FWCI
31.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise intensity, high-intensity interval training, sedentary adults, abdominal obesity, middle-aged adults, peak oxygen uptake, exercise prescription, sex differences in exercise response, exercise frequency, training duration
MeSH terms
Adult, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Physical Fitness, Treatment Outcome, Obesity, Abdominal, Sedentary Behavior

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