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Cited by 40Gut microbiota and healthNutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Genetics, and Disease

Gut microbiome and Mediterranean diet in the context of obesity. Current knowledge, perspectives and potential therapeutic targets

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Tsigalou, Christina, Paraschaki, Afroditi, Karvelas, Alexandros, Kantartzi, Konstantina, Gagali, Kenan, Tsairidis, Dimitrios, Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia·2021·Metabolism Open
DOI 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100081PMC PMC7892986
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Abstract

Mediterranean Diet has been recognized as one of the healthiest and sustainable dietary patterns worldwide, based on the food habits of people living in the Mediterranean region. It is focused on a plant-based cuisine combining local agricultural products and moderate intake of fish. As eating habits seem to exert a major impact on the composition of gut microbiota, numerous studies show that an adherence to the Mediterranean diet positively influences the microbiome ecosystem network. This has a profound effect on multiple host metabolic pathways and plays a major role in immune and metabolic homeostasis. Among metabolic disorders, obesity represents a major health issue where Mediterranean Dietary regime could possibly slowdown its spread. The aim of this review is to emphasize the interaction between diet and gut microbiota and the potential beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet on metabolic disorders like obesity, which is responsible for the development of many noncommunicable diseases.

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  • Traditional diets such as the Okinawa diet-high in vegetables, soy, and fish-are associated with diverse gut microbiota and reduced chronic disease risk.

    “Similarly, traditional diets such as the Okinawa diet—high in vegetables, soy, and fish—are associated with diverse gut microbiota and reduced chronic disease risk.”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [101]

    The section “Gut microbiota and its close relationship to diet” (page unavailable) associates long-term plant-based diets with more diverse fecal microbiota. “A short digest of Mediterranean Diet” (page unavailable) associates the Mediterranean diet with lower chronic disease risk. The paper does not address the Okinawa diet or establish those associations specifically for a diet high in vegetables, soy, and fish. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Urbanized diets, antibiotic overuse, and environmental pollution contribute to declining microbial diversity and the rise of metabolic and autoimmune disorders.

    “In contrast, urbanized diets, antibiotic overuse, and environmental pollution contribute to declining microbial diversity and the rise of metabolic and autoimmune disorders [7,101,102,103,104,105,106,107].”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [101]

    In “Gut microbiota and its close relationship to diet” (page unavailable), the paper links Western-style diets to reduced microbial diversity and increased risk of metabolic disorders, and says antibiotic exposure can cause dysbiosis. It does not establish the claimed contribution of environmental pollution or a rise in autoimmune disorders; its discussion of antibiotics also does not specifically address overuse. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • These nutritional components actively influence gut microbiome diversity, a key mediator in the aging process.

    “These nutritional components actively influence gut microbiome diversity, a key mediator in the aging process [7,101].”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [101]

    In “Gut microbiota and its close relationship to diet” (page unavailable), the paper says dietary habits shape gut microbiota and plant-based diets are associated with richer, more varied microbiota. It also links Mediterranean-diet-induced microbiota changes to healthy aging in older adults. It does not specifically establish microbiome diversity as a key mediator of the aging process. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The Mediterranean diet promotes beneficial bacterial growth while reducing inflammation and metabolic disorders.

    “The Mediterranean diet, rich in fiber, polyphenols, and monounsaturated fats, exemplifies a microbiome-friendly dietary pattern. It promotes beneficial bacterial growth while reducing inflammation and metabolic disorders.”

    From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [101]

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Authors
Tsigalou, C., Paraschaki, A., Karvelas, A., Kantartzi, K., Gagali, K., Tsairidis, D., & Bezirtzoglou, E.
Affiliations
  • Democritus University of Thrace (GR)
  • University Hospital of Alexandroupolis (GR)
Corresponding author
Tsigalou, Christina
ORCID
Venue
Metabolism Open
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
9
Pages
100081
ISSN
2589-9368 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.metop.2021.100081
PMC
PMC7892986
OpenAlex
W3129006345
Cited by
40
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7
FWCI
2.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Metabolism Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Keywords
Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, obesity, diet-microbiome interactions, metabolic homeostasis, immune homeostasis, non-communicable diseases, therapeutic target, plant-based diet, fish consumption

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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