The study of active avoidance: a platform for discussion
Open accessAbstract
Traditional active avoidance tasks have advanced the field of aversive learning and memory for decades and are useful for studying simple avoidance responses in isolation; however, these tasks have limited clinical relevance because they do not model several key features of clinical avoidance. In contrast, platform-mediated avoidance (PMA) more closely resembles clinical avoidance because the response i) is associated with an unambiguous safe location, ii) is not associated with an artificial termination of the warning signal, and iii) is associated with a decision-based appetitive cost. Recent findings on the neuronal circuits of PMA have confirmed that amygdala-striatal circuits are essential for avoidance. In PMA, however, the prelimbic cortex facilitates the avoidance response early during the warning signal, perhaps through disinhibition of the striatum. Future studies on avoidance should account for additional factors such as sex differences and social interactions that will advance our understanding of maladaptive avoidance contributing to neuropsychiatric disorders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The balance between reward and threat perception can be assessed in approach-avoidance paradigms, some of which have shown good translation across species.
“For example, the balance between reward and threat perception can be assessed in approach-avoidance paradigms, some of which have shown good translation across species (Sierra-Mercado et al. 2015, LeDoux et al. 2017, Diehl et al. 2019, Zorowitz et al. 2019).”
From Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: From focal brain targets to cognitive networks (2021) · cites this paper as Diehl et al. 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)
Leong, F. T. L. (2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412963978.n182 · Cited by 10,858 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379 · see citing works
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444 · see citing works
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults.
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,254 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243 · see citing works
Modality-Specific Retrograde Amnesia of Fear
Kim, J. J., & Fanselow, M. S. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1585183 · Cited by 2,483 · see citing works
Gonzalez, R. C., & Mowrer, O. H. (1962) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419634 · Cited by 1,584 · see citing works
Sesack, S. R., Deutch, A. Y., Roth, R. H., & Bunney, B. S. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902900205 · Cited by 1,568 · see citing works
Differential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat
Vertes, R. P. (2004) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10279 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2012) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131631 · Cited by 1,466 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuronal signalling of fear memory
Maren, S., & Quirk, G. J. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1535 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives
Altemus, M., Sarvaiya, N., & Neill Epperson, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.004 · Cited by 1,413 · see citing works
Some quantitative properties of anxiety.
Estes, W. K., & Skinner, B. F. (1941) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0062283 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortex in the rat: Projections to subcortical autonomic, motor, and limbic centers
Gabbott, P. L. A., Warner, T. A., Jays, P. R. L., Salway, P., & Busby, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20738 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Laird, A. R., Thelen, S. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., Huppert, J. D., Kjernisted, K., Rowan, V., Schmidt, A. B., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.151 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memory
Johansen, J. P., Cain, C. K., Ostroff, L. E., & LeDoux, J. E. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.009 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Neural organization of the defensive behavior system responsible for fear
Fanselow, M. S. (1994) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210947 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear
Quirk, G. J., Russo, G. K., Barron, J. L., & Lebron, K. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-16-06225.2000 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Self-citationObsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways
Milad, M. R., & Rauch, S. L. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.003 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Innate and conditioned reactions to threat in rats with amygdaloid lesions.
Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033521 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Amygdala Microcircuits Controlling Learned Fear
Duvarci, S., & Pare, D. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.042 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: empirical evidence and theoretical implications.
Lovibond, P., & Shanks, D. (2002) · Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.28.1.3 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
A stimulus-response analysis of anxiety and its role as a reinforcing agent.
Mowrer, O. H. (1939) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054288 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Olsson, A., & Phelps, E. A. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1968 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Conditioning and Extinction of Fear
Giustino, T. F., & Maren, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00298 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways in fear conditioning
Pezze, M. A., & Feldon, J. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.09.004 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Prefrontal Cortex and Social Cognition in Mouse and Man
Bicks, L. K., Koike, H., Akbarian, S., & Morishita, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01805 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Contemporary Learning Theories: Pavlovian Conditioning and the Status of Traditional Learning Theory
Kehoe, E. J., Klein, S. B., & Mowrer, R. R. (1991) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423162 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear.
Bouton, M. E., & Bolles, R. C. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.5.4.368 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
A competitive inhibitory circuit for selection of active and passive fear responses
Fadok, J. P., Krabbe, S., Marković, M., Courtin, J., Xu, C., Massi, L., Botta, P., Bylund, K., Müller, C. R., Kovacevic, A., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21047 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Encoding of fear learning and memory in distributed neuronal circuits
Herry, C., & Johansen, J. P. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3869 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Traumatic avoidance learning: the principles of anxiety conservation and partial irreversibility.
Solomon, R. L., & Wynne, L. C. (1954) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054540 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Decoding Neural Circuits that Control Compulsive Sucrose Seeking
Nieh, E. H., Matthews, G. A., Allsop, S. A., Presbrey, K. N., Leppla, C. A., Wichmann, R., Neve, R., Wildes, C. P., & Tye, K. M. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.003 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear.
Bouton, M. E., & Bolles, R. C. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.5.4.368 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Hickey, E. (2003) · Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime · doi:10.4135/9781412950619.n128 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm
LeDoux, J. E., Moscarello, J., Sears, R., & Campese, V (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.166 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Volitional social interaction prevents drug addiction in rat models
Venniro, M., Zhang, M., Caprioli, D., Hoots, J. K., Golden, S. A., Heins, C., Morales, M., Epstein, D. H., & Shaham, Y. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0246-6 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Synaptic Mechanisms of Associative Memory in the Amygdala
Maren, S. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.08.009 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Circuit-Based Corticostriatal Homologies Between Rat and Primate
Heilbronner, S. R., Rodríguez-Romaguera, J., Quirk, G. J., Groenewegen, H. J., & Haber, S. N. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.05.012 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationAmygdala inputs to prefrontal cortex guide behavior amid conflicting cues of reward and punishment
Burgos-Robles, A., Kimchi, E. Y., Izadmehr, E. M., Porzenheim, M. J., Ramos-Guasp, W. A., Nieh, E. H., Felix-Ortiz, A. C., Namburi, P., Leppla, C. A., Presbrey, K. N., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4553 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Exploring the roles of approach and avoidance in depression: An integrative model
Trew, J. L. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.007 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Simpson, H. B., Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Ledley, D. R., Huppert, J. D., Cahill, S., Vermes, D., Schmidt, A. B., Hembree, E., Franklin, M., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07091440 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
A Corticostriatal Path Targeting Striosomes Controls Decision-Making under Conflict
Friedman, A., Homma, D., Gibb, L. G., Amemori, K.-I., Rubin, S. J., Hood, A. S., Riad, M. H., & Graybiel, A. M. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.049 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Are avoidance and numbing distinct PTSD symptom clusters?
Asmundson, G. J. G., Stapleton, J. A., & Taylor, S. J. (2004) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/s10960-004-5795-7 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Time to connect: bringing social context into addiction neuroscience
Heilig, M., Epstein, D. H., Nader, M. A., & Shaham, Y. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.67 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Kavaliers, M., & Choleris, E. (2001) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00042-2 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Conditioned suppression as a monitor of fear of the CS in the course of avoidance training.
Kamin, L. J., Brimer, C. J., & Black, A. H. (1963) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047966 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Active Avoidance Learning Requires Prefrontal Suppression of Amygdala-Mediated Defensive Reactions
Moscarello, J. M., & LeDoux, J. E. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2596-12.2013 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Lovibond, P. F., Mitchell, C. J., Minard, E., Brady, A., & Menzies, R. G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.013 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging of avoidance habits in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Gillan, C. M., Apergis-Schoute, A. M., Morein-Zamir, S., Urcelay, G. P., Sule, A., Fineberg, N. A., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040525 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Boscarino, J. A. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02109567 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Curtis, J. H., & Mowrer, O. H. (1960) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3708617 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
The treatment of chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis
Rachman, S., HODGSON, R. J., & Marks, I. M. (1971) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(71)90009-x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Franklin, M. E., & Foa, E. B. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104533 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Striatal mechanisms underlying movement, reinforcement, and punishment
Kravitz, A. V., & Kreitzer, A. C. (2012) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00004.2012 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Fear as an intervening variable in avoidance conditioning.
Mowrer, O. H., & Lamoreaux, R. R. (1946) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060150 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Neural structures mediating expression and extinction of platform-mediated avoidance
Bravo-Rivera, C., Roman-Ortiz, C., Brignoni-Perez, E., Sotres-Bayon, F., & Quirk, G. J. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0191-14.2014 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationDelgado, M. R. (2009) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.08.033.2009 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Eaton, W. W., Bienvenu, O. J., & Miloyan, B. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30169-x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Active Avoidance Requires a Serial Basal Amygdala to Nucleus Accumbens Shell Circuit
Ramirez, F., Moscarello, J. M., LeDoux, J. E., & Sears, R. M. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1331-14.2015 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Pathological circuit function underlying addiction and anxiety disorders
Lüthi, A., & Lüscher, C. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3849 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Evans, D. W., Lewis, M. D., & Iobst, E. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00274-4 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The role of amygdala nuclei in the expression of auditory signaled two-way active avoidance in rats.
Choi, J.-S., Cain, C. K., & LeDoux, J. E. (2010) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1676610 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Social Fear Learning: from Animal Models to Human Function
Debiec, J., & Olsson, A. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.010 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
STIMULI INEVITABLY GENERATED BY BEHAVIOR THAT AVOIDS ELECTRIC SHOCK ARE INHERENTLY REINFORCING
Dinsmoor, J. A. (2001) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2001.75-311 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
McGuire, A. P., Gauthier, J. M., Anderson, L. M., Hollingsworth, D. W., Tracy, M., Galea, S., & Coffey, S. F. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22270 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Outcomes of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Breslau, N. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Low-Cost Avoidance Behaviors are Resistant to Fear Extinction in Humans
Vervliet, B., & Indekeu, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00351 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Gray, J. A., & Lalljee, B. (1974) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/0003-3472(74)90008-6 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Maier, S. F. (2015) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.09.003 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Functional Properties of Striatal Fast-Spiking Interneurons
Berke, J. D. (2011) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2011.00045 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Avoidance of harm and anxiety: A role for the nucleus accumbens
Levita, L., Hoskin, R., & Champi, S. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.059 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Agency and the Calibration of Motivated Behavior
Moscarello, J. M., & Hartley, C. A. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.008 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Lázaro‐Muñoz, G., LeDoux, J. E., & Cain, C. K. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.002 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Sex differences in stress regulation of arousal and cognition
Bangasser, D. A., Eck, S. R., Telenson, A. M., & Salvatore, M. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.025 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Active avoidance: Neural mechanisms and attenuation of pavlovian conditioned responding
Boeke, E. A., Moscarello, J. M., LeDoux, J. E., Phelps, E. A., & Hartley, C. A. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3261-16.2017 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Multi-dimensional coding by basolateral amygdala neurons
Kyriazi, P., Headley, D. B., & Pare, D. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.036 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Darvas, M., Fadok, J. P., & Palmiter, R. D. (2011) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.2041211 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Rescorla, R. A. (2003) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03195975 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Long-term discriminated avoidance performance in the rat.
D'Amato, M. R., & Schiff, D. W. (1964) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046678 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Persistent active avoidance correlates with activity in prelimbic cortex and ventral striatum
Bravo-Rivera, C., Roman-Ortiz, C., Montesinos-Cartagena, M., & Quirk, G. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00184 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Support Moderates Posttraumatic Stress and General Distress After Disaster
Arnberg, F. K., Hultman, C. M., Michel, P., & Lundin, T. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21758 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Gabriel, M., Saltwick, S. E., & Miller, J. D. (1975) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1162365 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
RAPID ACQUISITION OF DISCRETE‐TRIAL LEVER‐PRESS AVOIDANCE: EFFECTS OF SIGNAL‐SHOCK INTERVAL1
Berger, D. F., & Brush, F. R. (1975) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1975.24-227 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Social Decision-Making and the Brain: A Comparative Perspective
Tremblay, S., Sharika, K. M., & Platt, M. L. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.01.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Amygdala signaling during foraging in a hazardous environment
Amir, A., Lee, S.-C., Headley, D. B., Herzallah, M. M., & Pare, D. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0407-15.2015 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Does CS termination reinforce avoidance behavior?
Bolles, R. C., Stokes, L. W., & Younger, M. S. (1966) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023678 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Smith, J. W., Fetsko, L. A., Xu, R., & Wang, Y. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00257-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat
Wendt, J., Löw, A., Weymar, M., Lotze, M., & Hamm, A. O. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.054 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sex differences in the acquisition of two kinds of avoidance behavior in rats
Denti, A., & Epstein, A. L. (1972) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90083-2 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Active avoidance requires inhibitory signaling in the rodent prelimbic prefrontal cortex
Diehl, M. M., Bravo-Rivera, C., Rodríguez-Romaguera, J., Pagan-Rivera, P. A., Burgos-Robles, A., Roman-Ortiz, C., & Quirk, G. J. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.34657 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of ovarian steroids on footshock avoidance learning and retention in female mice
Farr, S. A., Flood, J. F., Scherrer, J. F., KAISER, F., Taylor, G. T., & MORLEY, J. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00124-2 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Rodent models of impaired fear extinction
Singewald, N., & Holmes, A. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5054-x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Unconscious avoidance of eye contact in autism spectrum disorder
Madipakkam, A. R., Rothkirch, M., Dziobek, I., & Sterzer, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13945-5 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Maren, S., Poremba, A., & Michael, G. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90473-9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Rapid avoidance acquisition in Wistar–Kyoto rats
Servatius, R. J., Jiao, X., Beck, K. D., Pang, K. C. H., & Minor, T. R. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.04.006 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Retrieving fear memories, as time goes by…
Monte, F. H. D., Quirk, G. J., Li, B., & Penzo, M. A. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.78 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning and fixation after a single shock trial.
Maatsch, J. L. (1959) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0048310 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Size of the social network versus quality of social support: which is more protective against PTSD?
Platt, J., Keyes, K. M., & Koenen, K. C. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0798-4 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Amygdala-dependent and amygdala-independent pathways for contextual fear conditioning
Ponnusamy, R., Poulos, A. M., & Fanselow, M. S. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.026 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Avoidance Problems Reconsidered
Cain, C. K. (2018) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.09.002 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Poremba, A., & Gabriel, M. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-21-09635.1999 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Martinez, R., Gupta, N. S., Lázaro-Muñoz, G., Sears, R. M., Kim, S., Moscarello, J. M., LeDoux, J. E., & Cain, C. K. (2013) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.031047.113 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ding, D. C. D., Gabbott, P. L. A., & Totterdell, S. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02912-2 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Marin, M.-F., Song, H., VanElzakker, M. B., Staples-Bradley, L. K., Linnman, C., Pace-Schott, E. F., Lasko, N. B., Shin, L. M., & Milad, M. R. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14111460 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
WHEN SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS LEAD TO TUNNEL VISION: LESSONS FROM THE STUDY OF FEAR
Paré, D., & Quirk, G. (2017) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-017-0007-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationHunger promotes fear extinction by activation of an amygdala microcircuit
Verma, D., Wood, J., Lach, G., Herzog, H., Sperk, G., & Tasan, R. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.163 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Wendler, E., Gaspar, J. C. C., Ferreira, T. L., Barbiero, J. K., Andreatini, R., Vital, M. A. B. F., Blaha, C. D., Winn, P., & Da Cunha, C. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.009 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Rosas-Vidal, L. E., Lozada-Miranda, V., Cantres-Rosario, Y. M., Vega-Medina, A., Meléndez, L. M., & Quirk, G. J. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0176-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationTaking Action in the Face of Threat: Neural Synchronization Predicts Adaptive Coping
Collins, K. A., Mendelsohn, A., Cain, C. K., & Schiller, D. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2152-14.2014 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The role of avoidance in the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Mcguire, J. F., Storch, E. A., Lewin, A. B., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., & Goodman, W. K. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.03.002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Rattel, J., Miedl, S., Blechert, J., & Wilhelm, F. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.010 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Embracing Complexity in Defensive Networks
Headley, D. B., Kanta, V., Kyriazi, P., & Paré, D. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.024 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Basal Ganglia Output Controls Active Avoidance Behavior
Hormigo, S., Vega-Flores, G., & Castro-Alamancos, M. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1842-16.2016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Rodríguez-Romaguera, J., Greenberg, B. D., Rasmussen, S. A., & Quirk, G. J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.012 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSheynin, J., Beck, K. D., Servatius, R. J., & Myers, C. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00323 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Prefrontal circuits signaling active avoidance retrieval and extinction
Martínez-Rivera, F. J., Bravo-Rivera, C., Velázquez-Díaz, C. D., Montesinos-Cartagena, M., & Quirk, G. J. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5012-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of Threat Learning in the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala
Sears, R. M., Schiff, H. C., & LeDoux, J. E. (2014) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420170-5.00010-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fear paradigms: The times they are a-changin’
Kim, J. J., & Jung, M. W. (2018) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.02.007 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Beck, K. D., Jiao, X., Ricart, T. M., Myers, C. E., Minor, T. R., Pang, K. C. H., & Servatius, R. J. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.05.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Galatzer‐Levy, I. R., Moscarello, J. M., Blessing, E., Klein, J. E., Cain, C. K., & LeDoux, J. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00179 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Foa, E. B., Simpson, H. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Powers, M. B., Rosenfield, D., Cahill, S. P., Campeas, R. B., Franklin, M. E., Hahn, C.-G., Hembree, E. A., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m08017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Avoidance of heat by rats: Effects of thermal context on rapidity of extinction
Hendersen, R. W., & Graham, J. (1979) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(79)90038-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Huang, C., Chou, D., Yeh, C.-M., & Hsu, K. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.018 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jiao, X., Beck, K. D., Myers, C. E., Servatius, R. J., & Pang, K. C. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00249 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sex differences in avoidance behavior after perceiving potential risk in mice
Yokota, S., Suzuki, Y., Hamami, K., Harada, A., & Komai, S. (2017) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-017-0126-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Case for a Return to a Two-Factor Theory of Avoidance: The Failure of Non-Fear Interpretations
Klein, S. B., & Mowrer, R. R. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315801896-16 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
MDMA modifies active avoidance learning and recall in mice
Trigo, J. M., Cabrero-Castel, A., Berrendero, F., Maldonado, R. J., & Robledo, P. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1045-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of a Signal Contingent upon an Advoidance Response
Keehn, J. D., & NAKKASH, S. (1959) · Nature · doi:10.1038/184566b0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Diehl, M. M., Lempert, K. M., Parr, A. C., Ballard, I. C., Steele, V. R., & Smith, D. V. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14083 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, I. M., Pang, K. C. H., Servatius, R. J., Jiao, X., & Beck, K. D. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.044 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The dense core vesicle protein IA-2, but not IA-2β, is required for active avoidance learning
Carmona, G. N., Nishimura, T., Schindler, C. W., Panlilio, L. V., & Notkins, A. L. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.023 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Active avoidance conditioning in rats : absence of sex difference and estrous effect
Rubio, S., Miranda, R., Cuesta, M., Begega, A., Santín, L. J., & Árias, J. L. (1999) · Psicothema · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Extinction of Conditioned Fear and Avoidance: Relevance for OCD
Rodríguez-Romaguera, J., & Quirk, G. J. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing signals associated with safety in avoidance learning: computational model of sex differences
Radell, M. L., Beck, K., Pang, K., & Myers, C. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1081 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The prefrontal cortex, pathological anxiety, and anxiety disorders
Kenwood, M. M., Kalin, N. H., & Barbas, H. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01109-z · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Sangha, S., Diehl, M. M., Bergstrom, H. C., & Drew, M. R. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.006 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurobiological basis of stress resilience
Nestler, E. J., & Russo, S. J. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.001 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Sex differences in stress regulation of arousal and cognition
Bangasser, D. A., Eck, S. R., Telenson, A. M., & Salvatore, M. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.025 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: From focal brain targets to cognitive networks
Sullivan, C. R. P., Olsen, S., & Widge, A. S. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117515 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Levy, I., & Schiller, D. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.11.007 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Divergent projections of the prelimbic cortex bidirectionally regulate active avoidance
Diehl, M. M., Iravedra-García, J. M., Morán-Sierra, J., Rojas-Bowe, G., Gonzalez-Diaz, F. N., Valentín-Valentín, V. P., & Quirk, G. J. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.59281 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding anxiety symptoms as aberrant defensive responding along the threat imminence continuum
Abend, R. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105305 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Roberts, C., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gongwer, M. W., Klune, C. B., Couto, J., Jin, B., Enos, A. S., Chen, R., Friedmann, D., & DeNardo, L. A. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0697-23.2023 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pastor, V. E., & Medina, J. H. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15168 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Closing the loop in psychiatric deep brain stimulation: physiology, psychometrics, and plasticity
Widge, A. S. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01643-y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lateral Habenula Mediates Defensive Responses Only When Threat and Safety Memories Are in Conflict
Velazquez-Hernandez, G., & Sotres-Bayón, F. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0482-20.2021 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Stress, associative learning, and decision-making
Giovanniello, J. R., Bravo-Rivera, C., Rosenkranz, J. A., & Lattal, K. M. (2023) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107812 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional and Dysfunctional Neuroplasticity in Learning to Cope with Stress
Cabib, S., Campus, P., Conversi, D., Orsini, C., & Puglisi‐Allegra, S. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10020127 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Wu, D., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Wei, W., Sun, Q., Wen, D., & Jia, L. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112307 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The effects of stress on avoidance in rodents: An unresolved matter
López-Moraga, A., Beckers, T., & Luyten, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.983026 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Animal Models for OCD Research
Chamberlain, B. L., & Ahmari, S. E. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_196 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fear extinction learning and retention during adolescence in rats and mice: A systematic review
Bisby, M. A., Stylianakis, A. A., Baker, K., & Richardson, R. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.044 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dopamine D1–D2 signalling in hippocampus arbitrates approach and avoidance
Godino, A., Salery, M., Minier-Toribio, A. M., Patel, V., Fullard, J. F., Kondev, V., Parise, E. M., Martínez-Rivera, F. J., Morel, C., Roussos, P., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08957-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Environmental certainty influences the neural systems regulating responses to threat and stress
Meyer, H. C., Sangha, S., Radley, J. J., LaLumiere, R. T., & Baratta, M. V. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.014 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Neurobiology of resilience to early life stress
Torres‐Berrío, A., Bortolami, A., Peña, C. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02158-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
McLaughlin, A. E., Diehl, G. W., & Redish, A. D. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Macheda, T., Snider, H. C., Watson, J. B., Roberts, K. N., & Bachstetter, A. D. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108831 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
From Isolated Emotional Memories to Their Competition During Conflict
Bravo-Rivera, C., & Sotres-Bayón, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmentally distinct architectures in top–down pathways controlling threat avoidance
Klune, C. B., Goodpaster, C. M., Gongwer, M. W., Gabriel, C., An, J., Chen, R., Jones, N. S., Williams, O. H., Shari, M., Ramirez, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01890-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vincent, C. J., Philipp, T. R., Dhillon, P. S., Cox, J. H., Aguilar-Alvarez, R., Vanderhoof, S. O., & Jasnow, A. M. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106417 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gerhard, D. M., & Meyer, H. C. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107543 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Behavioral outputs and overlapping circuits between conditional fear and active avoidance
Diehl, M. M., Moscarello, J. M., & Trask, S. (2024) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107943 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneralization and extinction of platform-mediated avoidance in male and female rats
López-Moraga, A., Luyten, L., & Beckers, T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94265-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Reducing shock imminence eliminates poor avoidance in ratsPreprint
Laughlin, L. C., Moloney, D. M., Samels, S. B., Sears, R. M., & Cain, C. K. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/lm.051557.120 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Penzo, M. A., & Moscarello, J. M. (2023) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2023.06.006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ruble, S., Payne, K. B., Kramer, C., West, L., Ness, H., Erickson, G., Scott, A., & Diehl, M. M. (2024) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100702 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationJabarin, R., Mohapatra, A. N., Ray, N., Netser, S., & Wagner, S. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.014 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Harry, G. J., McBride, S. J., Witchey, S. K., Mhaouty‐Kodja, S., Trembleau, A., Bridge, M., & Bencsik, A. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2022.812863 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Transformations in prefrontal ensemble activity underlying rapid threat avoidance learning
Gabriel, C., Gupta, T. A., Sánchez-Fuentes, A., Zeidler, Z., Wilke, S. A., & DeNardo, L. A. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dopaminergic projections to the prefrontal cortex are critical for rapid threat avoidance learning
Zeidler, Z., Gomez, M. F., Gupta, T. A., Shari, M., Wilke, S. A., & DeNardo, L. A. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.07.035 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cabib, S., Latagliata, E. C., & Orsini, C. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12020246 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fongsaran, C., Jirakanwisal, K., Peng, B.-H., Fracassi, A., Taglialatela, G., Dineley, K. T., Paessler, S., & Cisneros, I. E. (2024) · Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100780 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Prefrontal Regulation of Safety Learning during Ethologically Relevant Thermal Threat
Felix‐Ortiz, A. C., Terrell, J. M., Gonzalez, C., Msengi, H. D., Boggan, M. B., Ramos, A. R., Magalhães, G., & Burgos-Robles, A. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0140-23.2024 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A history of avoidance does not impact extinction learning in male rats
López-Moraga, A., Luyten, L., & Beckers, T. (2024) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-024-00223-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Laurent, R. S., Kusche, K. M., Rein, B. A., Raymond, K. B., Kreitzer, A. C., & Malenka, R. C. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.10.021 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Intersect between brain mechanisms of conditioned threat, active avoidance, and reward
Badarnee, M., Wen, Z., Hammoud, M. Z., Glimcher, P. W., Cain, C. K., & Milad, M. R. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00197-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alexandrov, P., Pupikina, M., Adaeva, Z., & Sitnikova, E. (2023) · Physiologia · doi:10.3390/physiologia3030028 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Developmentally distinct architectures in top-down circuitsPreprint
Klune, C. B., Goodpaster, C. M., Gongwer, M. W., Gabriel, C., Chen, R., Jones, N. S., Schwarz, L. A., & DeNardo, L. A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.27.555010 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zheng, B., Rao, J., Bao, L., Yu, D., & Yin, B. (2025) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kramer, C., Ruble, S., Fort, T. D., West, L., & Diehl, M. M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321776 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationFear in action: Fear conditioning and alleviation through body movements
Alemany-González, M., Wokke, M. E., Chiba, T., Narumi, T., Kaneko, N., Yokoyama, H., Watanabe, K., Nakazawa, K., Imamizu, H., & Koizumi, A. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109099 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tzanoulinou, S., Astori, S., Grandi, L. C., Gullo, F., Kalusivikako, R., Rai, S., Limorenko, G., Tafti, M., Becchetti, A., & Vassalli, A. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.05.022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Behavioral and Brain Mechanisms of Active Avoidance and Their Relevance to Anxiety Disorders
McManus, H., & Milad, M. R. (2025) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2025_593 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neural basis of social hierarchy across species
Yan, R., & Lin, D. (2026) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01047-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A rat model of operant negative reinforcement in opioid-dependent males and females
Chow, J. J., Pitts, K. M., Chabot, J. M., Ito, R., & Shaham, Y. (2024) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06594-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Decoding Fear or Safety and Approach or Avoidance by Brain-Wide Network DynamicsPreprint
Marques, D. B., Rossignoli, M. T., Mesquita, B. D. A., Prizon, T., Zacharias, L. R., Ruggiero, R. N., & Leite, J. P. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.511989 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Luo, F., Jiang, L., Desai, N. S., Li, B., Watkins, G. V., Eldridge, M. A. G., Plotnikova, A. S., Mohanty, A., Cummins, A. C., Averbeck, B. B., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.70001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Female rats adopt a safety-first strategy in a high-conflict platform mediated avoidance task
Reimer, A. E., Li, C. J., Hu, S. M., Pineda, D., Chang, J. L., Angstman, M. R., Rijn, E. M. D.-V., & Widge, A. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1758605 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ruble, S., Kramer, C., West, L., Durrett, H., & Diehl, M. M. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-50571-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats
Plas, S. L., Oleksiak, C. R., Pitre, C., Melton, C., Moscarello, J. M., & Maren, S. (2024) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100656 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impact of trauma type on neural mechanisms of threat conditioning and its extinction
Moallem, B. I., Wen, Z., Hammoud, M. Z., Su, W., Pace-Schott, E. F., & Milad, M. R. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Miller, D. P., Allen, M. T., & Servatius, R. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00848 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Differential effects of chronic restraint stress on two active avoidance tasks in rats
López-Moraga, A., Ceuninck, M. D., der Heyden, Y. V., Vercammen, L., Palme, R., Vervliet, B., Beckers, T., & Luyten, L. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111586 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A “head-like” component of a terrestrial robot promotes anxiety-like and defensive behaviors
Jeong, J. H., Jo, K. I., & Choi, J.-S. (2024) · Intelligent Service Robotics · doi:10.1007/s11370-024-00552-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Organization of Anxiety Symptoms Along the Threat Imminence Continuum
Somerville, Y., & Abend, R. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_548 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Malik, N., Murtaza, H., Ashraf, W., Rasool, M. F., Siddique, F., Bashir, M., Ahmad, T., Alqahtani, F., & Imran, I. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106641 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Puzzo, C., Oggiano, M., Capobianco, M., da Costa, A. L. C., Pepe, M., Curcio, G., Laurenzi, V. D., Giovanni Laviola, A., Mannella, F., & Adriani, W. (2025) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/jdn.70028 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Manning, E. E., Crummy, E. A., LaPalombara, Z., Li, X., Manikandan, S., & Ahmari, S. E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.12.579940 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Decoding the hidden variabilities in mPFC descending pathways across emotional statesPreprint
Lai, C.-H., Park, K. A., Xu, P., Sun, X., Ge, Q., Jin, Z. H., Betts, S., Liu, X., Liu, Q.-S., Simha, R., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105528.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Payne, K., Ruble, S., Ness, H., Durrett, H., Kramer, C., & Diehl, M. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1887899 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural systems for aversively motivated behavior
Bhanji, J., Yang, Y.-Y., & Delgado, M. (2022) · Advances in Motivation Science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2022.01.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kathenya, L. K. (2022) · Journal of Social Science Studies · doi:10.5296/jsss.v9i2.20549 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Incidental temporal binding in rats: A novel behavioral task
Radostová, D., Kunčická, D., Krajčovič, B., Hejtmánek, L., Petrásek, T., Svoboda, J., Stuchlı́k, A., & Brožka, H. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274437 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zheng, B., Bao, L., Yu, D., & Yin, B. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.02.543520 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ruble, S., Kramer, C., West, L., Payne, K. B., Erickson, G., Scott, A., & Diehl, M. M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3750422/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLaurent, R. S., Kusche, K. M., Kreitzer, A. C., & Malenka, R. C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.12.578709 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ruble, S., Kramer, C., West, L., Payne, K. B., Ness, H., Erickson, G., Scott, A., & Diehl, M. M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3750422/v2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, C. J., Pineda, D., Reimer, A. E., Hu, S. M., Angstman, M. R., Chang, J., & Widge, A. S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679640 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current Trends in the Animal Models for Screening of Nootropic Agents: A Systematic Review
Jain, S., & Grover, S. (2022) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/2772432817666220425121323
Differential contribution of distinct neuronal populations to danger representationsPreprint
Menegolla, A. P., Lopez-Fernandez, G., Herry, C., & Martín‐Fernández, M. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.24.577067
Functional specialization of mPFC-BLA and mPFC-NAc pathways in affective state representationPreprint
Lai, C.-H., Park, K. A., Xu, P., Sun, X., Ge, Q., Jin, Z. H., Betts, S., Liu, X., Liu, Q.-S., Simha, R., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596238
Cortical control of innate behavior from subcortical demonstrationPreprint
Keller, J. A., Kwak, I. S., Stark, A. K., Pachitariu, M., Branson, K. M., & Dudman, J. T. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637930 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Functional specialization of mPFC-BLA and mPFC-NAc pathways in affective state representationPreprint
Lai, C.-H., Park, K. A., Xu, P., Sun, X., Ge, Q., Jin, Z. H., Betts, S., Liu, X., Liu, Q.-S., Simha, R., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105528
Avoidance Learning as a Psychological Criterion of Animal’s Capacity for Suffering
Pisula, W., & Modlińska, K. (2025) · Zoophilologica · doi:10.31261/zoophilologica.2025.s.05
Goodpaster, C. M., Zeidler, Z., Gongwer, M. W., Bland, C. J., Shari, M., Klune, C. B., Jones, N. S., Ramirez, M., Batul-Alturki, M., Hundley, R., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696229
Gallagher, A. V., Wilson, A. V., Lawal, S. A., Sanghvi, H., Iqbal, J., Dickinson, M., Li, B., Llano, D. A., & Shrestha, P. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.28.708704
Mild concussion impairs extinction of avoidance and alters respective brain circuits in male rats
Martínez‐Guzmán, O., Cáceres‐Chacón, M., Rivera‐López, M., Hernández-Busot, G., Forty-Díaz, J., Haddock‐Martínez, H. A., & Sierra‐Mercado, D. (2026) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.115734
Instrumental Avoidance Promotes Safety Learning Across Distributed Neural Circuits
Wen, Z., Cui, L., Badarnee, M., Zhang, K., Moallem, I., McManus, H., Atiyah, Z., Borrelli, J., Li, W., Hong, L. E., et al. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.03.018
Feldman, S. B.-Z., Dayan, O., Somerville, Y., Kao, C.-H., Cohen, S., Glickman, O., Ruiz, S. G., Newsome, P., Linke, J. O., Shechner, T., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-46946-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Payne, K., Ruble, S., Ness, H., Durrett, H., Kramer, C., & Diehl, M. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.21.726998
Self-citationManning, E. E., Crummy, E. A., Pierson, J. L., LaPalombara, Z., Li, X., Manikandan, S., & Ahmari, S. E. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-04057-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diazepam selectively biases approach during threat–reward conflict while sparing reactive avoidance
Enciso-Pablo, Ó., Sierra-Ramírez, F., & Sotres-Bayón, F. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-026-07105-9
Beyond the Avoidance Count: Parsing Passivity and Endurance in Rat Behavior Under Repetitive Stress
Lazarenko, I., Pupikina, M., & Sitnikova, E. (2025) · Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1134/s1019331626601349
Kalhour, M., Zeinivand, M., & Kavyannejad, R. (2026) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.08.051
Sitnikova, E., Pupikina, M., Vinarskaya, A. K., & Kiselev, A. R. (2026) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/jin52427
Sex differences in behavioral and neural mechanisms of active avoidance in rodents.
Ruble, S., & Diehl, M. M. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100861
Self-citation
- Authors
- Diehl, M. M., Bravo-Rivera, C., & Quirk, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus (PR)
- Corresponding author
- Quirk, Gregory J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 107
- Pages
- 229-237
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6936221
- OpenAlex
- W2971467915
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- active avoidance, aversive learning, prelimbic cortex, sex differences, social interaction, neuropsychiatric disorders
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Avoidance Learning, Corpus Striatum, Extinction, Psychological, Fear
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review