Neural computations of threat
Open accessAbstract
A host of learning, memory, and decision-making processes form the individual's response to threat and may be disrupted in anxiety and post-trauma psychopathology. Here we review the neural computations of threat, from the first encounter with a dangerous situation, through learning, storing, and updating cues that predict it, to making decisions about the optimal course of action. The overview highlights the interconnected nature of these processes and their reliance on shared neural and computational mechanisms. We propose an integrative approach to the study of threat-related processes, in which specific computations are studied across the various stages of threat experience rather than in isolation. This approach can generate new insights about the evolution, diagnosis, and treatment of threat-related psychopathology.
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Uncertainty over the change in contingency from threat to safety may prolong the learning of new safety associations generally, but particularly for individuals who find uncertainty anxiety provoking.
“Uncertainty (also referred to as ambiguity) over the change in contingency from threat to safety may prolong the learning of new safety associations generally (13,14), but particularly for individuals who find uncertainty anxiety provoking (15).”
From I Doubt It Is Safe: A Meta-analysis of Self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty and Threat Extinction Training (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
In “Decision making under threat” (page unavailable), the paper says intolerance of uncertainty in anxious individuals likely affects learning and that ambiguity aversion may hinder it. It also says extinction requires coping with uncertainty, but treats the link between uncertainty attitudes and learning as an open question; it does not specifically establish prolonged learning of new safety associations in those individuals. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Trauma and Remembering: From Neuronal Circuits to Molecules
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Network-Level Changes in the Brain Underlie Fear Memory StrengthPreprint
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- Authors
- Levy, I., & Schiller, D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levy, Ifat
- Schiller, Daniela
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-171
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8084636
- OpenAlex
- W3116892993
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 251
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105535, R01MH118215)
- NSF (1829439)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- threat processing, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, threat learning, decision-making, threat prediction, neural computation, computational psychiatry, integrated approach
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Learning, Memory
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