Amygdala Microcircuits Controlling Learned Fear
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We review recent work on the role of intrinsic amygdala networks in the regulation of classically conditioned defensive behaviors, commonly known as conditioned fear. These new developments highlight how conditioned fear depends on far more complex networks than initially envisioned. Indeed, multiple parallel inhibitory and excitatory circuits are differentially recruited during the expression versus extinction of conditioned fear. Moreover, shifts between expression and extinction circuits involve coordinated interactions with different regions of the medial prefrontal cortex. However, key areas of uncertainty remain, particularly with respect to the connectivity of the different cell types. Filling these gaps in our knowledge is important because much evidence indicates that human anxiety disorders results from an abnormal regulation of the networks supporting fear learning.
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In fear- or anxiety-provoking circumstances, projections from the BLA targeting the central amygdala and the BNST are activated.
“in fear- or anxiety-provoking circumstances, projections from the BLA targeting the central amygdala (CeA, containing the lateral (CeL) and medial (CeM) subdivisions)53,64 and the BNST31,65 are activated.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [53]
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“The basal AMY (BA) contains extinction-encoding neurons which drive GABAergic cells in themedial intercalated cell masses (ITC) and neurons in the centrolateral AMY (CeL) to inhibit the CeM and the expression of fear (Duvarci & Pare, 2014; Herry et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialSynapse-specific astrocyte gating of amygdala-related behavior
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“…may synthesize apparently conflicting studies reporting the role of the CeA in freezing and avoidance (Ciocchi et al., 2010; Davis and Shi, 1999; Duvarci and Pare, 2014; Fadok et al., 2017; Goosens and Maren, 2001; Haubensak et al., 2010; Jimenez and Maren, 2009; Li et al., 2013; Maren and…”
BackgroundThe basolateral amygdala in reward learning and addiction
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- Authors
- Duvarci, S., & Pare, D.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- ORCID
- Duvarci, Sevil
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 966-980
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4103014
- OpenAlex
- W1963723820
- Cited by
- 751
- References
- 199
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-098738, R01MH098738, R01MH083710, MH083710)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- amygdala, fear conditioning, fear extinction, fear expression, inhibitory circuits, medial prefrontal cortex, neural circuits, anxiety disorders, fear learning
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Nerve Net, Mice, Rats
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