Obesity Affects Brain Structure and Function- Rescue by Bariatric Surgery
Open accessAbstract
Obesity has a major impact on metabolic health thereby negatively affecting brain function and structure, however mechanisms involved are not entirely understood. The increasing prevalence of obesity is accompanied by a growing number of bariatric surgeries (BS). Weight loss after BS appears to improve cognitive function in patients. Therefore, unraveling mechanisms how BS influences brain function may be helpful to develop novel treatments or treatments in combination with BS preventing/inhibiting neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. This review shows the relation between obesity and impaired circulation to and in the brain, brain atrophy, and decreased cognitive functioning. Weight loss seems to recover some of these brain abnormalities as greater white matter and gray matter integrity, functional brain changes and increased cognitive functioning is seen after BS. This relation of body weight and the brain is partly mediated by changes in adipokines, gut hormones and gut microbiota. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unknown and further research should be performed.
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Potential mechanisms for improvement in executive functioning after bariatric surgery are increased blood flow in the brain, reduced inflammation, alterations in gut hormones, and remission of sleep apnea, hypertension, and diabetes.
“Potential mechanisms for improvement are increased blood flow in the brain, reduced inflammation, alterations in gut hormones, and remission of sleep apnea, hypertension, and diabetes (68).”
From Behavioral Interventions to Attenuate Driven Overeating and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Section 4.2 reports improved executive functioning after bariatric surgery, and Section 4.4 proposes blood circulation, reduced inflammation, altered gut hormones, alleviated sleep apnea, and remission of hypertension as possible contributors to improved brain structure or function. The Introduction says surgery can bring about remission of type 2 diabetes, but our copy does not identify diabetes remission as a mechanism for improved executive functioning. The proposed mechanisms are also framed as uncertain and generally concern brain function, rather than executive functioning specifically. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBariatric surgery has been proposed as a treatment to improve executive functioning for patients living with obesity.
“Bariatric surgery has been proposed as a treatment to improve executive functioning for patients living with obesity (11) (68).”
From Behavioral Interventions to Attenuate Driven Overeating and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Nota, M. H. C., Vreeken, D., Wiesmann, M., Aarts, E. O., Hazebroek, E. J., & Kiliaan, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Rijnstate Hospital (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kiliaan, Amanda J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 108
- Pages
- 646-657
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2993626059
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Rijnstate-Radboudumc promotion fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- obesity, bariatric surgery, brain structure, cognitive function, weight loss, brain atrophy, white matter integrity, gray matter integrity, brain circulation, adipokines, gastrointestinal hormones, gut microbiota, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Brain Diseases, Humans, Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, Cognitive Dysfunction
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