Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults
Abstract
There is growing evidence that obesity is linked to adverse neurocognitive outcome, including reduced cognitive functioning and Alzheimer disease. However, no study to date has determined whether the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance varies as a function of age. We examined attention and executive function in a cross-section of 408 healthy persons across the adult life span (20-82 years). Bivariate correlation showed that BMI was inversely related to performance on all cognitive tests. After controlling for possible confounding factors, overweight and obese adults (BMI > 25) exhibited poorer executive function test performance than normal weight adults (BMI, 18.5-24.9). No differences emerged in attention test performance, and there was no evidence of a BMI x age interaction for either cognitive domain. These results provide further evidence for the relationship between elevated BMI and reduced cognitive performance and suggest that this relationship does not vary with age. Further research is needed to identify the etiology of these deficits and whether they resolve after weight loss.
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The Integneuro cognitive test battery has excellent psychometric properties and is sensitive to the effects of obesity.
“It has excellent psychometric properties18,19 and has been shown to be sensitive to the effects of obesity in past work.20”
From Cognitive Function After Bariatric Surgery: Evidence for Improvement 3 Years After Surgery (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Gunstad, J., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Tate, D. F., Spitznagel, M. B., & Gordon, E.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Summa Health System (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Gunstad, John
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-61
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040517865
- Cited by
- 668
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- body mass index, obesity, executive function, cognitive performance, attention, aging, overweight, neurocognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Obesity, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Body Mass Index, Prevalence
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