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A review of the structural alterations in the cerebral hemispheres of the aging rhesus monkey
Open accessAbstract
Like humans, rhesus monkeys show cognitive decline and this review considers what structural age-related changes underlie this decline. Some structural measures do not alter significantly with age. These include brain weight, overall cortical thickness; numbers of cortical neurons; and numbers of astrocytes and microglial cells. Other structural measures change with age, but the change does not correlate with cognitive decline. These changes include nerve fiber loss from some fiber tracts, degeneration, and regeneration of myelin sheaths, and increase in the frequency of oligodendrocytes. Among the structural measures that increase in frequency with age and also correlate with cognitive decline are the increased frequency of degenerating myelin sheaths and a loss of nerve fibers from some fiber tracts; and the loss of synapses and dendritic spines from upper layers of prefrontal cortex. Consequently, the existing data suggest that cognitive decline correlates with changes in myelinated nerve fibers and with disconnections between and within cortical areas, as reflected by the age-related loss of synapses and of dendritic spines from some cortical areas.
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“Our data are consistent with the observations that abnormally short myelin internodes accumulate with age in mouse spinal cord white matter (Lasiene et al., 2009) and that paranode frequency increases with age in the rhesus monkey brain (reviewed by Peters and Kemper, 2012).”
From Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling (2013) · cites this paper as Peters and Kemper, 2012
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“Our data are consistent with the observations that abnormally short myelin internodes accumulate with age in mouse spinal cord white matter (Lasiene et al., 2009) and that paranode frequency increases with age in the rhesus monkey brain (reviewed by Peters and Kemper, 2012).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Peters, A., & Kemper, T.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peters, Alan
- ORCID
- Peters, Alan
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2357-2372
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3337968
- OpenAlex
- W2083634530
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health/ National Aging Institute (5P01 AG 000001 2)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- aging, rhesus monkeys, cognitive decline, cerebral hemispheres, myelinated axons, myelin degeneration, synaptic loss, dendritic spines, prefrontal cortex, cortical disconnection, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, cortical neurons, cortical thickness
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cognition Disorders, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Monkey Diseases, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Degeneration, Neuroglia, Neurons, Cerebrum
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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