Selective Changes in Thin Spine Density and Morphology in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex Correlate with Aging-Related Cognitive Impairment
Open accessAbstract
Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) occurs in many mammalian species, including humans. In contrast to Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which circuit disruption occurs through neuron death, AAMI is due to circuit and synapse disruption in the absence of significant neuron loss and thus may be more amenable to prevention or treatment. We have investigated the effects of aging on pyramidal neurons and synapse density in layer III of area 46 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of young and aged, male and female rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) that were tested for cognitive status through the delayed non-matching-to-sample (DNMS) and delayed response tasks. Cognitive tests revealed an age-related decrement in both acquisition and performance on DNMS. Our morphometric analyses revealed both an age-related loss of spines (33%, p < 0.05) on pyramidal cells and decreased density of axospinous synapses (32%, p < 0.01) in layer III of area 46. In addition, there was an age-related shift in the distribution of spine types reflecting a selective vulnerability of small, thin spines, thought to be particularly plastic and linked to learning. While both synapse density and the overall spine size average of an animal were predictive of number of trials required for acquisition of DNMS (i.e., learning the task), the strongest correlate of behavior was found to be the head volume of thin spines, with no correlation between behavior and mushroom spine size or density. No synaptic index correlated with memory performance once the task was learned.
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Decreases in both thin and mushroom spine types have been reported in animal models of cognitive decline.
“Decreases in both spine types have been reported in animal models of cognitive decline [54], [55].”
From Arf4 Determines Dentate Gyrus-Mediated Pattern Separation by Regulating Dendritic Spine Development (2012) · cites this paper as [54]
The Results (Effects of aging on dendritic spine morphology) report a 45.6% decrease in thin spine density but no statistically significant difference in mushroom spine density. The Discussion (Synaptic basis for cognitive aging) explicitly says mushroom spine density was unchanged in aged versus young monkeys, contrary to the claim that both types decreased. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLoss of thin spines in monkey PFC is selectively correlated with age-related cognitive impairment.
“The loss of thin spines in monkey PFC, which are particularly plastic and linked to learning, is selectively correlated with age-related cognitive impairment 241.”
From Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex: pathophysiological implications (2022) · cites this paper as [241]
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- Authors
- Dumitriu, D., Hao, J., Hara, Y., Kaufmann, J., Janssen, W. G. M., Lou, W., Rapp, P. R., & Morrison, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Hebei Medical University (CN)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-06-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 7507-7515
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2892969
- OpenAlex
- W2070524933
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 12.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG 016765, AG 006647, R37AG010606, R01AG006647, P01AG016765, R01AG010606, AG010606, R37AG006647)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F30MH083402)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- age-associated memory impairment, aging, prefrontal cortex, dendritic spine morphology, synaptic density, pyramidal neurons, rhesus monkeys, area 46, delayed nonmatching-to-sample, delayed response, memory acquisition, synaptic plasticity, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aging, Animals, Cognition Disorders, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neurons, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Synapses, Linear Models, Prefrontal Cortex, Recognition, Psychology, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Dendritic Spines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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