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Noradrenaline mediates amygdala activation in men and women during encoding of emotional material

van Stegeren, Anda H., Goekoop, Rutger, Everaerd, Walter, Scheltens, Philip, Barkhof, Frederik, Kuijer, Joost P.A., Rombouts, Serge A.R.B.·2005·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.011

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Abstract

The amygdala is a pivotal structure in humans for encoding of emotional information, as shown by recent imaging studies. It is unknown which neurotransmitters are specifically involved in the human amygdala, although in animal studies noradrenaline was shown to be essential. In our study, participants received the betablocker propranolol (which blocks the noradrenergic response) or placebo when watching neutral to highly negative arousing pictures. Amygdala activation, monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), increased with emotional intensity of the pictures under placebo condition. Betablockade selectively decreased amygdala activation for emotional pictures of the second highest category, but not for the highest or lower (neutral) category pictures. Two findings add to the existing knowledge in this area. First, the activation pattern in the amygdala under placebo condition shows a nonlinearity related to the emotional categories of the pictures. Second, propranolol disturbs this activation pattern in the amygdala. Explorations with respect to gender show a similar effect of betablockade on amygdala activation in both men and women, but a difference in its effect on long-term memory for emotional pictures. This study supports the hypothesis that the neurotransmitter noradrenaline also mediates amygdala activity in humans when processing emotional stimuli and that betablockers can disrupt the normal activation pattern in the amygdala.

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Authors: van Stegeren, A. H., Goekoop, R., Everaerd, W., Scheltens, P., Barkhof, F., Kuijer, J. P. A., & Rombouts, S. A. R. B.
Affiliations: Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
University of Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID: Goekoop, Rutger
Everaerd, Walter
Scheltens, Philip
Barkhof, Frederik
Kuijer, Joost P.A.
Rombouts, Serge A.R.B.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-02
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Pages: 898-909
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.011
OpenAlex: W2020947884
Cited by: 212
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 6.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: norepinephrine, amygdala activation, propranolol, beta-adrenergic blockade, emotional intensity, sex differences, emotional arousal
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Adult, Amygdala, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Norepinephrine, Propranolol, Sex Characteristics

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Noradrenaline mediates amygdala activation in men and women during encoding of emotional material

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