Language network specializations: an analysis with parallel task designs and functional magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract
Although the classical core regions of the language system (Broca's and Wernicke's areas) were defined over a century ago, it took the advent of functional imaging to sharpen our understanding of how these regions and adjacent parts of the brain are associated with particular aspects of language. One limitation of such studies has been the need to compare results across different subject groups, each performing a different type of language task. Thus, this study was designed to examine overlapping versus segregated brain activations associated with three fundamental language tasks, orthography, phonology and semantics performed by the same subjects during a single experimental session. The results demonstrate a set of primarily left-sided core language regions in ventrolateral frontal, supplementary motor, posterior mid-temporal, occipito-temporal and inferior parietal areas, which were activated for all language tasks. Segregated task-specific activations were demonstrated within the ventrolateral frontal, mid-temporal and inferior parietal areas. Within the inferior frontal cortex (Broca's regional complex), segregated activations were seen for the semantic and phonological tasks. These findings demonstrate both common and task specific activations within the language system.
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Areas of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex are implicated in semantic processing, object categorization, representation of feature-based information for abstract categories, selection among competing response representations, and response inhibition.
“Areas of the VLPFC on the other hand, are implicated in semantic processing tasks (e.g., Gitelman et al. 2005), categorization of objects (e.g., Freedman et al. 2001), representation of feature-based information for abstract categories (e.g., Freedman et al. 2002; see Miller et al. 2002), selection amongst competing response representations (e.g., Badre & Wagner 2007; Schnur et al. 2009), and”
From The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review (2012) · cites this paper as Gitelman et al. 2005
BA44 and BA45 can be dissociated based on function, with BA44 more important for phonological processing and BA45 more important for semantic processing.
“BA44 and BA45 can be dissociated based on their function, with BA44 being more important for phonological processing (i.e. related to the encoding or decoding of the sound structure of words) and BA45 being more important for semantic processing (i.e. related to the meaning of words)”
From Damage to Broca’s area does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after stroke (2021) · cites this paper as Gitelman et al., 2005
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The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review
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“Areas of the VLPFC, on the other hand, are implicated in semantic processing tasks (e.g., Gitelman et al. 2005), categorization of objects (e.g., Freedman et al. 2001), representation of feature-based information for abstract categories (e.g., Freedman et al. 2002; see Miller et al. 2002),…”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Gitelman, D. R., Nobre, A. C., Sonty, S., Parrish, T. B., & Mesulam, M.-M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gitelman, Darren R.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 975-985
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989849554
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG000940, AG 00940)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- language network, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, orthography, phonology, semantics, supplementary motor area, occipitotemporal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, left hemisphere language
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Imagination, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Psycholinguistics, Psychomotor Performance, Semantics, Speech Perception
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