Developmental changes in activation and effective connectivity in phonological processing.
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The current study examined developmental changes in activation and effective connectivity among brain regions during a phonological processing task, using fMRI. Participants, ages 9-15, were scanned while performing rhyming judgments on pairs of visually presented words. The orthographic and phonological similarity between words in the pair was independently manipulated, so that rhyming judgment could not be based on orthographic similarity. Our results show a developmental increase in activation in the dorsal part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), accompanied by a decrease in the dorsal part of left superior temporal gyrus (STG). The coupling of dorsal IFG with other selected brain regions involved in the phonological decision increased with age, while the coupling of STG decreased with age. These results suggest that during development there is a shift from reliance on sensory auditory representations to reliance on phonological segmentation and covert articulation for performing rhyming judgment on visually presented words. In addition, we found a developmental increase in activation in left posterior parietal cortex that was not accompanied by a change in its connectivity with the other regions. These results suggest that maturational changes within a cortical region are not necessarily accompanied by an increase in its interactions with other regions and its contribution to the task. Our results are consistent with the idea that there is reduced reliance on primary sensory processes as task-relevant processes mature and become more efficient during development.
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The individual-perspective approach centers on one region's response properties and may overlook broader changes in signal distribution or connectivity.
“Furthermore, although we believe the individual perspective is essential in a longitudinal study, this analysis approach necessarily focuses on the changes in response properties of a specific brain region and may miss on more global changes in the spatial distribution of signals or the connectivity between regions (Bitan et al., 2007).”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Bitan et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Bitan, T., Cheon, J., Lu, D., Burman, D. D., Gitelman, D. R., Mesulam, M.-M., & Booth, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bitan, Tali
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 564-575
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2638503
- OpenAlex
- W2014765835
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R21DC006149, DC06149)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD042049, R56HD042049, HD042049)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- phonological processing, brain development, effective connectivity, left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, posterior parietal cortex, phonological segmentation, auditory representation, orthographic similarity, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Intelligence, Judgment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reaction Time, Reading, Speech Articulation Tests
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