Neural response to reward anticipation is modulated by Gray's impulsivity
Abstract
According to the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST), Gray's dimension of impulsivity, reflecting human trait reward sensitivity, determines the extent to which stimuli activate the Behavioural Approach System (BAS). The potential neural underpinnings of the BAS, however, remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the association between Gray's impulsivity as defined by the RST and event-related fMRI BOLD-response to anticipation of reward in twenty healthy human subjects in brain regions previously associated with reward processing. Anticipation of reward during a Monetary Incentive Delay Task elicited activation in key components of the human reward circuitry such as the ventral striatum, the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex. Interindividual differences in Gray's impulsivity accounted for a significant amount of variance of the reward-related BOLD-response in the ventral striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex. Specifically, higher trait reward sensitivity was associated with increased activation in response to cues indicating potential reward. Extending previous evidence, here we show that variance in functional brain activation during anticipation of reward is attributed to interindividual differences regarding Gray's dimension of impulsivity. Thus, trait reward sensitivity contributes to the modulation of responsiveness in major components of the human reward system which thereby display a core property of the BAS. Generally, fostering our understanding of the neural underpinnings of the association of reward-related interindividual differences in affective traits might aid researchers in quest for custom-tailored treatments of psychiatric disorders, further disentangling the complex relationship between personality traits, emotion, and health.
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Experimental data suggest an association between risky and impulsive behavior, characteristic of ADHD, and dopamine release or dopamine-dependent BOLD response to rewards in the striatum.
“Additionally, experimental data suggest an association between risky and impulsive behavior, which is characteristic of ADHD,14–16 and dopamine release or dopamine-dependent BOLD response to rewards in the striatum.11,17–20”
From Striatal sensitivity during reward processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
There is a positive association between trait impulsivity or reward-related impulsivity and neural activation in the striatum following reward-predicting cues in healthy adult samples.
“First, there is a positive association between trait impulsivity or reward-related impulsivity and neural activation in the striatum following reward-predicting cues19,20,22 in healthy adult samples”
From Striatal sensitivity during reward processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
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“anticipatory pleasure – consistently activates the ventral striatum [56, 57].”
BackgroundNymberg, C., Jia, T., Lubbe, S., Ruggeri, B., Desriviéres, S., Barker, G., Büchel, C., Fauth-Buehler, M., Cattrell, A., Conrod, P., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.027 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“showing that there may also be a positive correlation of impulsivity and VS activation during reward anticipation (13,14) and during immediate compared with delayed rewards in the normal population (15).”
BackgroundMurphy, A., Taylor, E., & Elliott, R. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00101 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gonzalez, M. Z., Allen, J. P., & Coan, J. A. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Heitzeg, M. M., Villafuerte, S. M., Weiland, B. J., Enoch, M., Burmeister, M., Zubieta, J., & Zucker, R. A. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.161 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Trait impulsivity is related to ventral ACC and amygdala activity during primary reward anticipation
Kerr, K. L., Avery, J. A., Barcalow, J. C., Moseman, S. E., Bodurka, J., Bellgowan, P. S. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu023 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Similarly, in a monetary incentive delay task, trait impulsivity is associated with activity in the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during reward anticipation (Hahn et al., 2009).”
Pornpattananangkul, N., & Nusslock, R. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.037 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“This is important, given that individual differences in impulsivity are associated with delay-discounting as well as reward-processing (e.g., Bjork, Knutson, & Hommer, 2008; Hahn et al., 2009; for a review see Plichta & Scheres, 2014).”
BackgroundShao, R., Read, J., Behrens, T. E. J., & Rogers, R. D. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.134 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Development of the frontal lobe
Rosch, K. S., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804281-6.00019-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Adrián‐Ventura, J., Costumero, V., Parcet, M. A., & Ávila, C. (2019) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00688-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Kumsta, R., Schlotz, W., Lasky-Su, J. A., Marco, R., Miranda, A., Mulas, F., Oades, R. D., Banaschewski, T., Mueller, U., et al. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.040 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“component of the reward circuits of the brain, are altered in both preclinical (13) and clinical ADHD studies (3, 14, 15).”
Howard‐Jones, P. A., & Jay, T. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.04.015 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Since there is evidence for human activity associated with midbrain dopamine release varying with age [71], gender [35], genetic background [72], stress [73] and traits such as optimism [74], extroversion [75], risk aversion [24] and impulsivity [76,77], what sort of individual differences might exist in the response…”
Randomness of resting-state brain oscillations encodes Gray's personality trait
Hahn, T., Dresler, T., Ehlis, A., Pyka, M., Dieler, A. C., Saathoff, C., Jakob, P. M., Lesch, K., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.042 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…using fMRI: Recent studies have identified the ventral striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as key regions related to the BAS.2 Specifically, Hahn et al. (2009) found an association between Gray's Impulsivity and ventral striatal and orbitofrontal activity during reward anticipation as…”
MethodResultInfluentialBasic personality dimensions and alcohol consumption in young adults
Ibáñez, M. I., Moya, J., Villa, H., Mezquita, L., Ruipérez, M. Á., & Ortet, G. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.09.017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Costumero, V., Barrós‐Loscertales, A., Bustamante, J. C., Ventura‐Campos, N., Fuentes‐Claramonte, P., & Ávila, C. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12234 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“On the other hand, in a previous study, Hahn et al. (2009) used a modified version of the MID task in which only reward (not punishment) conditions were included, and their results may have involved different contextual effects for modulation of the previously described brain activation by reward…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHahn, T., Notebaert, K. H., Dresler, T., Kowarsch, L., Reif, A., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00385 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Barratt Impulsivity and Neural Regulation of Physiological Arousal
Zhang, S., Hu, S., Hu, J., Wu, P.-L., Chao, H. H., & Li, C.-S. R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129139 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Subtypes of trait impulsivity differentially correlate with neural responses to food choices.
van der Laan, L. N., Barendse, M., Viergever, M., & Smeets, P. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.026 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Reward‐related neural dysfunction across depression and impulsivity: A dimensional approach
Oumeziane, B. A., & Foti, D. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12672 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Reward Sensitivity Is Associated with Brain Activity during Erotic Stimulus Processing
Costumero, V., Barrós-Loscertales, A., Bustamante, J. C., Ventura-Campos, N., Fuentes, P., Rosell-Negre, P., & Ávila, C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066940 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Following previous studies of individual differences [11,37,38], we analyzed the association between reward sensitivity and brain activity by correlating an individual’s SR scores and the mean value of activity in specific brain areas of interest.”
MethodResultBarrós-Loscertales, A., Ventura-Campos, N., Sanjuán-Tomás, A., Belloch, V., Parcet, M., & Ávila, C. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The analysis based on regionsof-interest (ROIs) of this study (Hahn et al., 2009) did not consider the MPFC, probably because it has shown a differential involvement of this area in reward outcome evaluation compared to anticipation (Knutson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodHickey, C., & Peelen, M. V. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0684-17.2017 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lahey, B. B., McNealy, K., Knodt, A. R., Zald, D. H., Sporns, O., Manuck, S. B., Flory, J. D., Applegate, B. E., Rathouz, P. J., & Hariri, A. R. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“In one theoretical model, higher levels of impulsivity are thought to reflect, at least in part, higher sensitivity to rewards and lower inhibition of prepotent responses (Forbes et al., 2009a; Hahn et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRadke, S., Seidel, E., Eickhoff, S. B., Gur, R. C., Schneider, F. W., Habel, U., & Derntl, B. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.014 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…to correlate positively with activation of the ventral/orbital parts of the prefrontal cortex, the dorsal cingulate, and the middle/inferior temporal gyri (Hahn et al., 2009; Hooker et al., 2008; Locke and Braver, 2008; Mobbs et al., 2005; Yucel et al., 2007; for review see Kennis et al., 2013).”
Differences in neural activation as a function of risk-taking task parameters
Congdon, E. L., Bato, A. A., Schönberg, T., Mumford, J. A., Karlsgodt, K. H., Sabb, F. W., London, E. D., Cannon, T. D., Bilder, R. M., & Poldrack, R. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00173 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…during reward-processing across a range of paradigms (for a review, see Liu et al., 2011), and shows an increase in activation as a function of both reward magnitude (Knutson et al., 2001; Peters and Buchel, 2010) and impulsivity (Hariri et al., 2006; Hahn et al., 2009; Jimura et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSpontaneous Eye-Blink Rate as an Index of Reward Responsivity
Peckham, A., & Johnson, S. L. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615594999 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
BAS-drive trait modulates dorsomedial striatum activity during reward response-outcome associations
Costumero, V., Barrós‐Loscertales, A., Fuentes‐Claramonte, P., Rosell‐Negre, P., Bustamante, J. C., & Ávila, C. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9466-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“In line with the RST, these studies have consistently shown that individuals with higher RS display a stronger response in the VS when processing anticipatory cues of reward (Abler et al. 2006; Carter et al. 2009; Costumero et al. 2013a; Hahn et al. 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNeural correlates of appetitive extinction in humans
Kruse, O., León, I. T., Stark, R. M., & Klucken, T. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw157 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“If subjects did not win as planned during the acquisition phase, the presentation time of the target was adapted online based on the subjects’ performance ( 20 ms if subjects won unplanned,þ20 ms if subjects did not win as planned; Hahn et al., 2009; Hermans et al., 2010).”
MethodPunishment sensitivity modulates the processing of negative feedback but not error-induced learning
Unger, K., Heintz, S., & Kray, J. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00186 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Recent findings indicate that BAS-reactivity is associated with dopamine-dependent activity cortex (e.g., Beaver et al., 2006; Hahn et al., 2009; Simon et al., 2010).”
Johnson, P. L., Potts, G. F., Sanchez‐Ramos, J., & Cimino, C. R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1257702 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Frontostriatal response to set switching is moderated by reward sensitivity
Ávila, C., Garbin, G., Sanjuán, A., Forn, C., Barrós‐Loscertales, A., Bustamante, J. C., Rodríguez‐Pujadas, A., Belloch, V., & Parcet, M. A. (2011) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr028 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Neural activation to monetary reward is associated with amphetamine reward sensitivity
Crane, N. A., Gorka, S. M., Weafer, J. J., Langenecker, S. A., de Wit, H., & Phan, K. L. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0042-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“For example, individuals with high-reward sensitivity, as measured by self-report personality measures, show increased neural activation in brain reward circuitry, particularly in the VS and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), during non-drug reward anticipation compared to individuals with low-reward sensitivity [22, 23].”
BackgroundReward Sensitivity and Waiting Impulsivity: Shift towards Reward Valuation away from Action Control
Mechelmans, D. J., Strelchuk, D., Doñamayor, N., Banca, P., Robbins, T. W., Baek, K., & Voon, V. (2017) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx072 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Standen, B., Firth, J., Sumich, A. L., & Heym, N. (2022) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/pne0000284 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The personality trait self-directedness predicts the amygdala’s reaction to appetizing cues in fMRI
Grimm, O., Jacob, M. J., Kroemer, N. B., Krebs, L., Vollstädt‐Klein, S., Kobiella, A., Wolfensteller, U., & Smolka, M. N. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Notably, interindividual differences in these systems are well-known to have profound behavioural consequences, for example modulation of food-seeking behaviour by the ventral striatum (Hahn et al., 2009).”
Neural Sensitivity to Absolute and Relative Anticipated Reward in Adolescents
Vaidya, J. G., Knutson, B. D., OʼLeary, D. S., Block, R. I., & Magnotta, V. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058708 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Neural correlates of reward-directed action and inhibition of action
Le, T. M., Zhang, S., Zhornitsky, S., Wang, W., & Li, C.-S. R. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Villafuerte, S., Trucco, E. M., Heitzeg, M. M., Burmeister, M., & Zucker, R. A. (2014) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.291 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Increased NAcc activation has been associated with behavioral traits such as impulsiveness (Forbes et al. 2009; Hahn et al. 2009), sensation seeking (Bjork et al. 2008), and externalizing behaviors (Yau et al. 2012).”
Reward Sensitivity Enhances Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Free Choice
Cho, C., Smith, D. V., & Delgado, M. R. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00529 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…sensitivity to reward are more likely to experience greater cravings (Franken andMuris, 2005), recruit reward-related brain activity (Beaver et al., 2006; Hahn et al., 2009), and exhibit appetitive responses toward cues with greater reinforcement value (Volkow et al., 2002; Davis et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialBounoua, N., Miglin, R., Spielberg, J. M., Johnson, C. L., & Sadeh, N. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720004468 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Feng, C., Huang, W., Xu, K., Stewart, J. L., Camilleri, J. A., Yang, X., Wei, P., Gu, R., Luo, W., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102189 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Motivated malleability: Frontal cortical asymmetry predicts the susceptibility to social influence
Schnuerch, R., & Pfattheicher, S. (2017) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2017.1355333 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A new window to understanding individual differences in reward sensitivity from attentional networks
Costumero, V., Barrós‐Loscertales, A., Bustamante, J. C., Fuentes‐Claramonte, P., Rosell‐Negre, P., Ventura‐Campos, N., & Ávila, C. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0760-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…tasks have shown modulation of reward sensitivity in the brain areas associated with the reward system (Beaver et al. 2006; Carter et al. 2009; Hahn et al. 2009; BarrósLoscertales et al. 2010; Costumero et al. 2013), studies focused on the interactions between motivation and cognitive…”
BackgroundLe, T. M., Wang, W., Zhornitsky, S., Dhingra, I., Zhang, S., & Li, C.-S. R. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz194 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“2006) and reward anticipation (Hahn et al. 2009), respectively.”
Influence of neurobehavioral incentive valence and magnitude on alcohol drinking behavior
Joseph, J. E., Zhu, X., Corbly, C. R., DeSantis, S. M., Lee, D. C., Baik, G., Kiser, S., Jiang, Y., Lynam, D. R., & Kelly, T. H. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.037 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wei, D., Li, W., & Qiu, J. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.045 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Hippocampal Volume as a Function of BMI and Reward Sensitivity
Parcet, M. A., Adrián‐Ventura, J., Costumero, V., & Ávila, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00053 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mortensen, J. A., Lehn, H., Evensmoen, H. R., & Haberg, A. K. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Moreover, BAS related activation was present in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, which is connected to reward anticipation in reward sensitive subjects (Hahn et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMedial prefrontal transcranial alternating current stimulation for apathy in Huntington's disease
Davis, M., Hill, A. T., Fitzgerald, P. B., Bailey, N. W., Sullivan, C. M., Stout, J. C., & Hoy, K. E. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110776 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Joseph, J. E., Zhu, X., Lynam, D. R., & Kelly, T. H. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Individuals with scores in the top and bottom quartiles of population-based norms or based on prior studies (Harrington et al., 2003; Palmgreen et al., 2001) were then contacted and invited to participate in the fMRI study.”
MethodHofman, D., Terburg, D., van Wielink, L., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.088 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…the BAS in reward pursuit has been evidenced by studies showing that increased BAS significantly predicted the reward-related blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response in the ventral striatum, a brain area implicated in the motivational aspects of incentive processing (Hahn et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPitchford, B., & Arnell, K. M. (2018) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-018-1610-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Brancato, A., Cavallaro, A., Lavanco, G., Plescia, F., & Cannizzaro, C. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117725683 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Notably, reward modulates attention and memory formation, to a degree dependent on individual emotional traits (Cohen and Ranganath, 2005; Hahn et al., 2009).”
BackgroundCanessa, N., Basso, G., Poggi, P., & Gianelli, C. (2022) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108258 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
I feel good whether my friends win or my foes lose: Brain mechanisms underlying feeling similarity
Aue, T. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Oyarce, D. A. E., Burns, R. A., Shaw, M. E., Butterworth, P., & Cherbuin, N. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14574 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dinu-Biringer, R., Nees, F., Falquez, R., Berger, M. C., & Barnow, S. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, P., Feng, J., Wang, Y., Zhu, W., Wei, S., Im, H., & Wang, Q. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108066 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sakaki, M., Murayama, K., Izuma, K., Aoki, R., Yomogita, Y., Sugiura, A., Singhi, N., Matsumoto, M., & Matsumoto, K. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01154-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In fact, other studies without emotional stimuli did not observe the effects of individual differences in goal orientation on amygdala activity (Belayachi et al., 2015; Hahn et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Hahn, T., Dresler, T., Ehlis, A.-C., Plichta, M. M., Heinzel, S., Polak, T., Lesch, K.-P., Breuer, F., Jakob, P. M., & Fallgatter, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hahn, Tim
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1148-1153
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973808229
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- reward anticipation, Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, Behavioural Approach System, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, monetary incentive delay task, individual differences, personality traits, reward processing
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Impulsive Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reward, Sex Factors
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