Neuroanatomical evidence for distinct cognitive and affective components of self
Abstract
This study examines whether the cognitive and affective components of self-reflection can be dissociated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a simple paradigm in which subjects judged the personal relevance of personality characteristics that were either favorable (e.g., “honest”) or unfavorable (e.g., “lazy”, we found that distinct neural circuits in adjacent regions of the prefrontal cortex subserve cognitive and emotional aspects of self-reflection. The medial prefrontal cortex responded only to material that was self-descriptive, and this did not differ as a function of the valence of the trait. When material was judged to be self-relevant, the valence of the material was resolved in an adjacent region of ventral anterior cingulate. The nature of self is one of the most enduring questions in science, and researchers are now beginning to be able to decompose the neural operations that give rise to a unitary sense of self.
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In healthy individuals rating themselves against peers, the valence of judgments was reflected in activation levels in MFa, in or near area 25.
“The valence of judgments, positive or negative, was reflected in activation levels observed in MFa, somewhere in or near area 25 [see also (105)].”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [105]
MFa shows activation when people consider personality characteristics about themselves or receive social feedback about themselves from others.
“MFa shows activation when people consider personality characteristics about themselves or receive social feedback about themselves from others (104, 105).”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [105]
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Self-citationRisk for depression is associated with neural biases in emotional categorisation
Chan, S. W. Y., Harmer, C. J., Goodwin, G. M., & Norbury, R. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.030 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-referential processing influences functional activation during cognitive control: An fMRI study
Wagner, G., Koch, K., Schachtzabel, C., Peikert, G., Schultz, C. C., Reichenbach, J. R., Sauer, H., & Schlösser, R. G. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss074 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hilimire, M. R., Mayberg, H. S., Holtzheimer, P. E., Broadway, J. M., Parks, N. A., DeVylder, J. E., & Corballis, P. M. (2015) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.010 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Vrtička, P., Sander, D., Anderson, B., Badoud, D., Eliez, S., & Debbané, M. (2014) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.251 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-Esteem Modulates the Time Course of Self-Positivity Bias in Explicit Self-Evaluation
Zhang, H., Guan, L., Qi, M., & Yang, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081169 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Neural circuits associated with positive and negative self-appraisal
Brühl, A. B., Rufer, M., Kaffenberger, T., Baur, V., & Herwig, U. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.053 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhao, W., Geng, Y., Luo, L., Zhao, Z., Ma, X., Xu, L., Yao, S., & Kendrick, K. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00272 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The influence of valence and decision difficulty on self-referential processing
Meffert, H., Blanken, L., Blair, K. S., White, S. F., & Blair, J. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00046 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Crone, E. A., & van Drunen, L. (2024) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000539844 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…that positive traits are more often endorsed than negative traits, positive trait evaluation results in stronger mPFC activity than negative traits (Moran et al., 2006; Van de Groep et al., 2021; van der Cruijsen et al., 2018), possibly re fl ecting self-relevance or signi fi cance (D ’ Argembeau,…”
fMRI Repetition Suppression During Generalized Social Categorization
Lau, T., & Cikara, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04115-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Moran, J. M., Macrae, C. N., Heatherton, T. F., Wyland, C. L., & Kelley, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2006-09-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1586-1594
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2115518989
- Cited by
- 501
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 14.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- self-reflection, self-concept, cognitive self, medial prefrontal cortex, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, neural dissociation, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Cognition, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Personality, Reference Values, Self-Assessment, Self Concept, Verbal Behavior, Linear Models, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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