Cited by 85Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

White matter microstructure in late middle-age: Effects of apolipoprotein E4 and parental family history of Alzheimer's disease

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Adluru, Nagesh, Destiche, Daniel J., Lu, Sharon Yuan-Fu, Doran, Samuel T., Birdsill, Alex C., Melah, Kelsey E., Okonkwo, Ozioma C., Alexander, Andrew L. +4 more·2014·NeuroImage: Clinical

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Little is still known about the effects of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) on white matter microstructure in cognitively healthy adults. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the effect of two well-known risk factors for AD, parental family history and APOE4 genotype. METHODS: This study included 343 participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, who underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A region of interest analysis was performed on fractional anisotropy maps, in addition to mean, radial, and axial diffusivity maps, aligned to a common template space using a diffeomorphic, tensor-based registration method. The analysis focused on brain regions known to be affected in AD including the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, fornix, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus. Analyses assessed the impact of APOE4, parental family history of AD, age, and sex on white matter microstructure in late middle-aged participants (aged 47-76 years). RESULTS: Both APOE4 and parental family history were associated with microstructural white matter differences. Participants with parental family history of AD had higher FA in the genu of the corpus callosum and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. We observed an interaction between family history and APOE4, where participants who were family history positive but APOE4 negative had lower axial diffusivity in the uncinate fasciculus, and participants who were both family history positive and APOE4 positive had higher axial diffusivity in this region. We also observed an interaction between APOE4 and age, whereby older participants (=65 years of age) who were APOE4 carriers, had higher MD in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and in the portion of the cingulum bundle running adjacent to the cingulate cortex, compared to non-carriers. Older participants who were APOE4 carriers also showed higher radial diffusivity in the genu compared to non-carriers. Across all participants, age had an effect on FA, MD, and axial and radial diffusivities. Sex differences were observed in FA and radial diffusivity. CONCLUSION: APOE4 genotype, parental family history of AD, age, and sex are all associated with microstructural white matter differences in late middle-aged adults. In participants at risk for AD, alterations in diffusion characteristics-both expected and unexpected-may represent cellular changes occurring at the earliest disease stages, but further work is needed. Higher mean, radial, and axial diffusivities were observed in participants who are more likely to be experiencing later stage preclinical pathology, including participants who were both older and carried APOE4, or who were positive for both APOE4 and parental family history of AD.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.04.008

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  • Prior diffusion MRI studies have identified microstructural white matter abnormalities in cognitively normal older APOE4 carriers, including increased mean diffusivity and reduced fractional anisotropy or restricted diffusion.

    “Diffusion MRI studies have identified microstructural white matter (WM) abnormalities in cognitively normal older APOE4 carriers, including increased mean diffusivity and reduced fractional anisotropy or restricted diffusion [3–5]”

    From Effects of APOE2 and APOE4 on brain microstructure in older adults: modification by age, sex, and cognitive status (2024) · cites this paper as [3]

    The Abstract Results and Discussion Summary report higher mean diffusivity in cognitively healthy older APOE4 carriers than in non-carriers. They do not report reduced fractional anisotropy or restricted diffusion in those carriers; lower axial diffusivity was observed in participants with parental family history who did not carry APOE4. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Some studies have reported stronger effects of APOE4 on WM microstructure with age, whereas others observed no such interaction.

    “some studies have reported stronger effects of APOE4 on WM microstructure with age [3, 15, 18], whereas others observed no such interaction [8].”

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  1. Xu G. McLaren D.G. Ries M.L. Fitzgerald M.E. Bendlin B.B. Rowley H.A. Sager M.A. Atwood C. Asthana S. Johnson S.C. The influence of parental history of Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 on the BOLD signal during recognition memory Brain: A Journal of Neurology 132 2009 383 391 18829694 18829694 PMC2724919

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Authors
Adluru, N., Destiche, D. J., Lu, S. Y.-F., Doran, S. T., Birdsill, A. C., Melah, K. E., Okonkwo, O. C., Alexander, A. L., Dowling, N. M., Johnson, S. C., Sager, M. A., & Bendlin, B. B.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Bendlin, Barbara B.
Venue
NeuroImage: Clinical
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014
Volume
4
Pages
730-742
ISSN
2213-1582 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1983801775
Cited by
85
References
166
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
FWCI
5.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • NeuroImage Clinical (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • the Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-09-132626)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01 AG037639, R01 AG027161, ADRC P50 AG033514, R01 AG021155)
  • National Center for Research Resources/National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (1UL1RR025011)
  • Veteran's Administration (I01CX000165)
  • Waisman Center Core (P30 HD003352-45)
  • William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI (GRECC MS # 2013-08)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
white matter microstructure, Alzheimer's disease risk factors, APOE ε4, late middle age, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, fornix, cingulum, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, sex differences, age effects
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Family Health, Female, Genotype, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Multivariate Analysis, Apolipoprotein E4, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter

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