Autoantibodies against appetite-regulating peptide hormones and neuropeptides: Putative modulation by gut microflora
Open accessAbstract
Objective Peptide hormones synthesized in gastrointestinal and adipose tissues in addition to neuropeptides regulate appetite and body weight. Previously, autoantibodies directed against melanocortin peptides were found in patients with eating disorders; however, it remains unknown whether autoantibodies directed against other appetite-regulating peptides are present in human sera and whether their levels are influenced by gut-related antigens. Methods Healthy women were studied for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA autoantibodies directed against 14 key appetite-regulating peptides. The concept of molecular mimicry was applied to search in silico whether bacteria, viruses, or fungi contain proteins with amino acid sequences identical to appetite-regulating peptides. In addition, autoantibodies serum levels were studied in germ-free and specific pathogen-free rats. Results We found these IgG and IgA autoantibodies directed against leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y, and other appetite-regulating peptides are present in human sera at levels of 100-900 ng/mL. Numerous cases of sequence homology with these peptides were identified among commensal and pathogenic micro-organisms including Lactobacilli, bacteroides, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, and Candida species. Decreased levels of IgA autoantibodies directed against several appetite-regulating peptides and increased levels of antighrelin IgG were found in germ-free rats compared with specific pathogen-free rats. Conclusion Healthy humans and rats display autoantibodies directed against appetite-regulating peptide hormones and neuropeptides, suggesting that these autoantibodies may have physiologic implications in hunger and satiety pathways. Gut-related antigens including the intestinal microflora may influence production of theses autoantibodies, suggesting a new link between the gut and appetite control.
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Autoantibodies directed against α-MSH have been discovered in both healthy individuals and subjects with eating disorders.
“Autoantibodies directed against the peptide α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is involved in appetite control, have been discovered in both healthy individuals and in subjects with eating disorders (Fetissov et al., 2002;Fetissov et al., 2008).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Fetissov et al., 2008
Humans seem to carry autoantibodies to some appetite-regulating peptides including PYY and ghrelin.
“humans seem to carry autoantibodies to some appetite-regulating peptides including PYY and ghrelin (Fetissov et al., 2008)”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Fetissov et al., 2008
Gut microbes can produce protein sequences of ≥5 amino acids that share arrangement identical to various appetite-regulating peptides in host.
“Gut microbes can produce protein sequences of ≥5 amino acids that share an arrangement identical to various appetite-regulating peptides in the host (Ericson et al., 2015;Fetissov et al., 2008), which could trigger the production of immunoglobulins.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Fetissov et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Fetissov, S. O., Hamze Sinno, M., Coëffier, M., Bole-Feysot, C., Ducrotté, P., Hökfelt, T., & Déchelotte, P.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen (FR)
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 348-359
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7126273
- OpenAlex
- W2147640249
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- autoantibodies, appetite-regulating peptides, neuropeptides, gut microbiota, molecular mimicry, leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y, germ-free rats, IgA autoantibodies, IgG autoantibodies, Helicobacter pylori, lactobacilli, Candida, satiety, hunger, gut-brain axis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Appetite Regulation, Autoantibodies, Body Weight, Digestive System, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Neuropeptides, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Ghrelin
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