Efficient Induction of T Cells against Conserved HIV-1 Regions by Mosaic Vaccines Delivered as Self-Amplifying mRNA
Open accessAbstract
Focusing T cell responses on the most vulnerable parts of HIV-1, the functionally conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, is likely a key prerequisite for vaccine success. For a T cell vaccine to efficiently control HIV-1 replication, the vaccine-elicited individual CD8 + T cells and as a population have to display a number of critical traits. If any one of these traits is suboptimal, the vaccine is likely to fail. Fine-tuning of individual protective characteristics of T cells will require iterative stepwise improvements in clinical trials. Although the second-generation tHIVconsvX immunogens direct CD8 + T cells to predominantly protective and conserved epitopes, in the present work, we have used formulated self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) to deliver tHIVconsvX to the immune system. We demonstrated in BALB/c and outbred mice that regimens employing saRNA vaccines induced broadly specific, plurifunctional CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, which displayed structured memory subpopulations and were maintained at relatively high frequencies over at least 22 weeks post-administration. This is one of the first thorough analyses of mRNA vaccine-elicited T cell responses. The combination of tHIVconsvX immunogens and the highly versatile and easily manufacturable saRNA platform may provide a long-awaited opportunity to define and optimize induction of truly protective CD8 + T cell parameters in human volunteers.
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Novel antigens are necessary to effectively target HIV in addition to potent delivery vehicles.
“These studies suggest that novel antigens are necessary to effectively target HIV in addition to potent delivery vehicles.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [163]
Several preclinical studies have delivered mRNA vaccines encoding HIV proteins using multiple delivery vehicles, but they have had varied success.
“Several preclinical studies have delivered mRNA vaccines encoding HIV proteins using multiple delivery vehicles, including cationic nanoemulsions109,161, DOTAP/DOPE liposomes162, polymers84,163,164 and ionizable LNPs165,166, but they have had varied success.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [163]
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Muccini, C., & Castagna, A. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2024.2351510
Self-amplifying mRNA expression is governed by mitochondrial machinery and ACSL4Preprint
Tshering, L. F., Wang, C., Xiang, Q., Kundu, S., Solórzano, A., Chaparro‐Riggers, J. F., Lin, L., & Paksa, A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659366
Myths and Facts Associated with Vaccine Development: Challenges, Safety, and Efficacy
Vihal, S., Kaur, S. D., Vivek, P., Kumari, N., Kumbham, S., & Salihu, M. B. (2026) · Nanomedicine and nanotoxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29006-9_15
- Authors
- Moyo, N., Vogel, A. B., Buus, S., Erbar, S., Wee, E. G., Sahin, U., & Hanke, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- BioNTech (Germany) (DE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Hanke, Tomáš
- Venue
- Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 32-46
- ISSN
- 2329-0501 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6258890
- OpenAlex
- W2898251390
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- UK Department for International Development (MR/N023668/1)
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 (681137)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- HIV-1, mosaic vaccine, self-amplifying mRNA, conserved epitopes, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, T cell vaccines, T cell memory, vaccine immunogenicity, HIV-1 vaccine
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