An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development
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Abstract
This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector design, non-viral delivery systems, and manufacturing (both saRNA and lipid nanoparticles (LNP)). We report on the major innovations, preclinical and clinical data reported in the last five years and will discuss future prospects.
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saRNA vaccines can deliver genetic information encoding the target antigen and other genes, e.g., viral RNA polymerase, to enable mRNA to self-replicate.
“saRNA vaccines can deliver genetic information encoding the target antigen and other genes, e.g., viral RNA polymerase, to enable mRNA to self-replicate.109,110”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [109]
Another approach to reducing dose levels is the use of an mRNA platform that is able to self-amplify.
“Another approach to reducing dose levels is the use of an mRNA platform that is able to self-amplify.50”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
Despite lower doses, saRNA vaccines lead to higher reactogenicity.
“Accordingly, despite lower doses, the use of saRNA vaccines lead to higher reactogenicity.50,157”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
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Immune Prophylaxis and Therapy for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
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Trehalose-loaded LNPs enhance mRNA stability and bridge in vitro in vivo efficacy gap
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Coatsome-replicon vehicles: Self-replicating RNA vaccines against infectious diseases
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- Authors
- Blakney, A. K., Ip, S., & Geall, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Precision Nanosystems (Canada) (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Blakney, Anna K.
- Venue
- Vaccines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-01-28
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 97
- ISSN
- 2076-393X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7911542
- OpenAlex
- W3112388253
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 33
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Vaccines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Open Collections
- Funders
- H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (794059)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- self-amplifying RNA vaccine, antigen design, vector design, lipid nanoparticles, vaccine production
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