Social isolation affects partner-directed social behavior and cortisol during pair formation in marmosets, Callithrix geoffroyi
Open accessAbstract
Pair-bonded relationships form during periods of close spatial proximity and high sociosexual contact. Like other monogamous species, marmosets form new social pairs after emigration or ejection from their natal group resulting in periods of social isolation. Thus, pair formation often occurs following a period of social instability and a concomitant elevation in stress physiology. Research is needed to assess the effects that prolonged social isolation has on the behavioral and cortisol response to the formation of a new social pair. We examined the sociosexual behavior and cortisol during the first 90-days of cohabitation in male and female Geoffroy's tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) paired either directly from their natal group (Natal-P) or after a prolonged period of social isolation (ISO-P). Social isolation prior to pairing seemed to influence cortisol levels, social contact, and grooming behavior; however, sexual behavior was not affected. Cortisol levels were transiently elevated in all paired marmosets compared to natal-housed marmosets. However, ISO-P marmosets had higher cortisol levels throughout the observed pairing period compared to Natal-P marmoset. This suggests that the social instability of pair formation may lead to a transient increase in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity while isolation results in a prolonged HPA axis dysregulation. In addition, female social contact behavior was associated with higher cortisol levels at the onset of pairing; however, this was not observed in males. Thus, isolation-induced social contact with a new social partner may be enhanced by HPA axis activation, or a moderating factor.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Smith, A. S., Birnie, A. K., & French, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (US)
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 955-961
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3183141
- OpenAlex
- W2046321713
- Semantic Scholar
- ad33b1eb3e1819265262417056c7224fa05f9b6a
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- National Institutes of Health (HD-042882)
- NSF (IBN 00-91030)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- social isolation, pair formation, pair bonding, Callithrix geoffroyi, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sociosexual behavior, grooming, social contact, monogamy, stress physiology, sex differences, natal group
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Callithrix, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Hydrocortisone, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Pair Bond, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Linear Models
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