Oxytocin modulates behavioral and physiological responses to a stressor in marmoset monkeys
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Social isolation is a major source of stress and can lead to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The presence of a close social partner can reduce the magnitude of the HPA-axis response during a stressor, a phenomenon known as social buffering. The oxytocin (OXT) system has been identified as one candidate for mediating social buffering due to its role in the facilitation of social bonding and the expression of prosocial behavior. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the OXT system contributes to social buffering of HPA-axis activity in response to stressor exposure in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Male and female marmosets experienced a standardized psychogenic stressor with and without their long-term mate under OXT-treatments (Pro(8)-OXT, Leu(8)-OXT, OXT antagonist, and saline); we assessed HPA-axis activity by measuring urinary cortisol across the stressor. We found that blocking, but not augmenting, the OXT system altered patterns of cortisol and proximity behavior in response to a stressor. We demonstrated that (1) the presence of a mate during a stressor significantly attenuated HPA-axis activity in female, but not male, marmosets; (2) male, but not female, marmosets treated with an OXT antagonist had significantly higher HPA-axis activity across the stressor than when they were treated with saline, suggesting that the OXT system may reduce the stressor-induced rise in cortisol levels; (3) male and female marmosets treated with an OXT antagonist spent significantly less time in close proximity to their mate during the first 30 min of the stressor than when they were treated with saline, suggesting that the OXT system may be important for the expression of partner-seeking behavior during a stressor. Thus, the OXT system and social context differentially influenced how the HPA-axis responded to a stressor in male and female marmosets, and may modulate HPA-axis activity by promoting the expression of proximity behavior with a close social partner.
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The presence of a mate during a stressor significantly attenuated HPA-axis activity in female marmosets, but not males, relative to when marmosets experienced a stressor in complete isolation.
“The presence of a mate during a stressor significantly attenuated HPA-axis activity in females, but not males, relative to when marmosets experienced a stressor in complete isolation.”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Cavanaugh et al., 2016
Blocking OT signaling in marmosets with an OTa led to significantly higher cortisol levels in males during the stressor, suggesting that OT may reduce the stress-induced elevations in cortisol levels.
“blocking OT signaling in marmosets with an OTa led to significantly higher cortisol levels in males during the stressor, suggesting that OT may reduce the stress-induced elevations in cortisol levels.”
From Neuropeptide diversity and the regulation of social behavior in New World primates (2016) · cites this paper as Cavanaugh et al., 2016
Marmoset monkeys treated with an oxytocin receptor antagonist had elevated glucocorticoid levels in response to the stressor and showed a greater tendency to engage in maladaptive fear-related behaviour such as isolation.
“Indeed, a recent study found that marmoset monkeys treated with an oxytocin receptor antagonist had elevated glucocorticoid levels in response to the stressor and showed a greater tendency to engage in maladaptive fear-related behaviour such as isolation (Cavanaugh et al., 2016).”
From Meta-analytic review of the effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin on threat processing in humans (2018) · cites this paper as Cavanaugh et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Cavanaugh, J., Carp, S. B., Rock, C. M., & French, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cavanaugh, Jon
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 66
- Pages
- 22-30
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6007987
- OpenAlex
- W2204722956
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 10.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 042882, R01HD042882, R56HD042882)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, social buffering, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus, social isolation, psychogenic stress, oxytocin antagonist, proximity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Callithrix, Female, Hormone Antagonists, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Oxytocin, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological
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