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Cited by 17Eating Disorders and BehaviorsObesity, Physical Activity, DietNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Exercise increases attentional bias towards food cues in individuals classified as overweight to obese

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Flack, Kyle D, Anderson, Robert E, McFee, Kylie F, Kryscio, Richard, Rush, Craig R·2022·Physiology & Behavior
DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113711PMC PMC8845497
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Abstract

Background The obesity epidemic continues to be a major public health concern. Although exercise is the most common weight loss recommendation, weight loss outcomes from an exercise program are often suboptimal. The human body compensates for a large percentage of the energy expended through exercise to maintain energy homeostasis and body weight. Increases in energy intake appear to be the most impactful compensatory behavior. Research on the mechanisms driving this behavior has not been fully elucidated.Purpose To determine if exercise influences the attentional processing towards food cues (attentional bias) and inhibitory control for food cues among individuals classified as overweight to obese who do not exercise.Methods Thirty adults classified as overweight to obese participated in a counterbalanced, crossover trial featuring two assessment visits on separate days separated by at least one week. Attentional bias and inhibitory control towards food cues was assessed prior to and after a bout of exercise where participants expended 500 kcal (one assessment visit) and before and after a 60 min bout of watching television (second assessment visit). Attentional bias was conceptualized as the percentage of time fixated on food cues when both food and neutral (non-food) cues were presented during a food-specific dot-probe task. Inhibitory control, specifically motor impulsivity, was assessed as percentage of inhibitory failures during a food-specific Go/NoGo task.Results A significant condition by time effect was observed for attentional bias towards food cues, independent of hunger, whereas attentional bias towards food cues was increased pre-post exercise but not after watching TV. Inhibitory control was not affected by exercise or related to attentional bias for food cues.Conclusions An acute bout of exercise increased attentional bias for food cues, pointing to a mechanism that may contribute to the weight loss resistance observed with exercise. Future trials are needed to evaluate attentional bias towards food cues over a longitudinal exercise intervention.

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  • Transient factors and states such as time of day, surrounding environment, sleep duration, psychological stress, emotional state, physical activity, and appetite-regulating hormones are associated with varying levels of food cue reactivity.

    “Similarly, transient factors and states, such as the time of day, surrounding environment, sleep duration, level of psychological stress, emotional state, physical activity, and levels of appetite-regulating hormones (e.g., circulating levels of leptin, ghrelin, PYY, endogenous GLP-1, and GLP-1RAs), have been associated with varying levels of food cue reactivity [46,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,”

    From What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity (2023) · cites this paper as [59]

  • Psychological manifestations of food cue reactivity include changes in attentional bias and questionnaire measures of trait- and state-level constructs that can influence eating behaviors.

    “The second category of methods we have compiled pertains to psychological manifestations of food cue reactivity, which includes changes in attentional bias (most often measured with eye-tracking and reaction-time-based paradigms and the emotional Stroop task) [59,67,68] and questionnaires that measure trait- and state-level constructs that can influence eating behaviors [69].”

    From What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity (2023) · cites this paper as [59]

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3 of the 101 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [8]Statistics, N. C. f. H. Health, United States, 2016: With Chart Book on Long-term Trends in Health. Hyattsville, MD 2017. 28910066
  2. [33]Mason C, Xiao L, Imayama I, Duggan CR, Campbell KL, Kong A, The effects of separate and combined dietary weight loss and exercise on fasting ghrelin concentrations in overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015, 82: 369– 76. 24796864 PMC4221575
  3. [54]American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.

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Authors
Flack, K. D., Anderson, R. E., McFee, K. F., Kryscio, R., & Rush, C. R.
Affiliations
University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author
Flack, Kyle D
ORCID
Venue
Physiology & Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-04
Volume
247
Pages
113711
ISSN
0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113711
PMC
PMC8845497
OpenAlex
W4205807964
Cited by
17
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8
FWCI
3.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physiology & Behavior (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences
  • University of Kentucky
  • National Institutes of Health (P30GM127211)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
physical activity, attentional bias, food cues, obesity, overweight, inhibitory control, motor impulsivity, energy homeostasis, weight loss resistance, dot-probe task, go/no-go task, television viewing
MeSH terms
Attentional Bias, Adult, Cues, Feeding Behavior, Food, Humans, Obesity, Weight Loss, Cross-Over Studies, Overweight

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