Treatment of depression with low-strength transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields: A mechanistic point of view
Abstract
Background Mood disorders constitute a high burden for both patients and society. Notwithstanding the large arsenal of available treatment options, a considerable group of patients does not remit on current antidepressant treatment. There is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies. Recently, low-strength transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field (tPEMF) stimulation has been purported as a promising strategy for such treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The mode of action of this new technique is however largely unknown.Methods We searched PubMed for literature reports on the effects of tPEMF and for information regarding its working mechanism and biological substrate.Results Most studies more or less connect with the major hypotheses of depression and concern the effects of tPEMF on brain metabolism, neuronal connectivity, brain plasticity, and the immune system. Relatively few studies paid attention to the possible chronobiologic effects of electromagnetic fields.Limitations We reviewed the literature of a new and still developing field. Some of the reports involved translational studies, which inevitably limits the reach of the conclusions.Conclusion Weak magnetic fields influence divergent neurobiological processes. The antidepressant effect of tPEMF may be specifically attributable to its effects on local brain activity and connectivity.
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TMS and tDCS are appealing for their potential to target specific anatomic regions and thereby alter network functionality more precisely than chemical neuromodulators.
“Optimal targets and protocols remain an active area of research, but these interventions are appealing for their potential to target specific anatomic regions and thereby alter network functionality more precisely than chemical neuromodulators129.”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [129]
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Sorted by citations
Paying attention to attention in depression
Keller, A. S., Leikauf, J. E., Holt-Gosselin, B., Staveland, B. R., & Williams, L. M. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
- Authors
- van Belkum, S. M., Bosker, F. J., Kortekaas, R., Beersma, D. G. M., & Schoevers, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 71
- Pages
- 137-143
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2506843765
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- UMCG Innovation Fund (U-11-221)
- Fonds NutsOhra (1103–068)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Keywords
- treatment-resistant depression, antidepressant mechanism, brain metabolism, neuronal connectivity, neuroplasticity, chronobiology, electromagnetic fields, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Depression, Humans, PubMed, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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