The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
More efficient, perhaps, but at what price? Pleasure and enjoyment responses to high-intensity interval exercise in low-active women with obesity
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“concern has been raised about the feasibility and sustainability of HIIT in patients with obesity who seem to experience lower pleasure and enjoyment during HIIT than MICT.”
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010.
Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Kit, B., & Ogden, C. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.39 · Cited by 5,523
HASKELL, W. L., LEE, I.-M., PATE, R. R., POWELL, K. E., BLAIR, S. N., FRANKLIN, B. A., MACERA, C. A., HEATH, G. W., THOMPSON, P. D., & BAUMAN, A. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27 · Cited by 4,616
Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales
Borg, G. A. V. (1998) · Cited by 3,366
Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales
Heath, E. M. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199809000-00018 · Cited by 3,049
Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK
Wang, Y. C., McPherson, K., Marsh, T., Gortmaker, S. L., & Brown, M. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60814-3 · Cited by 2,775
DONNELLY, J. E., BLAIR, S. N., JAKICIC, J. M., MANORE, M. M., RANKIN, J. W., & SMITH, B. K. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181949333 · Cited by 2,658
Fletcher, G. F., Ades, P. A., Kligfield, P., Arena, R., Balady, G. J., Bittner, V. A., Coke, L. A., Fleg, J. L., Forman, D. E., Gerber, T. C., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31829b5b44 · Cited by 2,235 · cited 1×
“Citing limited evidence on efficacy and safety, the American Heart Association has determined that, for patients with cardiovascular disease, HIIE “cannot yet be broadly recommended” (Fletcher et al., 2013, p. 915).”
BackgroundRevision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).
Thomas, S. G., Reading, J., & Shephard, R. J. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 1,952
Not what, but how one feels: the measurement of affect during exercise
Hardy, C. J., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.11.3.304 · Cited by 1,607
Physical activity enjoyment scale: Two validation studies
Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.13.1.50 · Cited by 1,329 · cited 2×
“It was assessed with the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES; Kendzierski & DeCarlo, 1991).”
BackgroundMethodWeston, K. S., Wisløff, U., & Coombes, J. S. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576 · Cited by 1,274
Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45 · Cited by 1,228
Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000 · Cited by 1,215
Tjønna, A. E., Lee, S. J., Rognmo, Ø., Stølen, T. O., Bye, A., Haram, P. M., Loennechen, J. P., Al-Share, Q. Y., Skogvoll, E., Slørdahl, S. A., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.772822 · Cited by 1,145
Redelmeier, D. A., & Kahneman, D. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(96)02994-6 · Cited by 1,078
Milanović, Z., Sporiš, G., & Weston, M. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0365-0 · Cited by 923
Rhodes, R. E., & Kates, A. (2015) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5 · Cited by 852
Little, J. P., Gillen, J. B., Percival, M. E., Safdar, A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Punthakee, Z., Jung, M. E., & Gibala, M. J. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00921.2011 · Cited by 787
Gibala, M. J., & McGee, S. L. (2008) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e318168ec1f · Cited by 682
Williams, D. M., Dunsiger, S., Ciccolo, J. T., Lewis, B. A., Albrecht, A. E., & Marcus, B. H. (2008) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.04.002 · Cited by 633
High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss
Boutcher, S. H. (2010) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2011/868305 · Cited by 614
Bartlett, J. D., Close, G. L., MacLaren, D. P. M., Gregson, W., Drust, B., & Morton, J. P. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.545427 · Cited by 593
Gillen, J. B., & Gibala, M. J. (2013) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0187 · Cited by 552
Critical Power: Implications for Determination of V˙O2max and Exercise Tolerance
JONES, A. M., Vanhatalo, A., Burnley, M., Morton, R. H., & Poole, D. C. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d9cf7f · Cited by 551
The Potential for High-Intensity Interval Training to Reduce Cardiometabolic Disease Risk
Kessler, H. S., Sisson, S. B., & Short, K. R. (2012) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11630910-000000000-00000 · Cited by 481
Validity and reliability of combining three methods to determine ventilatory threshold
GASKILL, S. E., RUBY, B. C., WALKER, A. J., SANCHEZ, O. A., SERFASS, R. C., & LEON, A. S. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200111000-00007 · Cited by 444
A Review and Meta-Analysis of Affective Judgments and Physical Activity in Adult Populations
Rhodes, R. E., Fiala, B., & Conner, M. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9147-y · Cited by 429
Tudor‐Locke, C., Brashear, M. M., Johnson, W. D., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-60 · Cited by 400
Biddle, S. J. H., & Batterham, A. M. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0254-9 · Cited by 355
Slow Component of V˙O2 Kinetics: Mechanistic Bases and Practical Applications
JONES, A. M., GRASSI, B., CHRISTENSEN, P. M., KRUSTRUP, P., BANGSBO, J., & POOLE, D. C. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821fcfc1 · Cited by 353
Jung, M. E., Bourne, J. E., & Little, J. P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114541 · Cited by 331
Dan Ariely, C. (1998) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(199803)11:1 · Cited by 317
Conraads, V. M., Pattyn, N., Maeyer, C. D., Beckers, P. J., Coeckelberghs, E., Cornelissen, V., Denollet, J., Frederix, G., Goetschalckx, K., Hoymans, V. Y., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.155 · Cited by 307
Williams, D. M., DUNSIGER, S. I., Jennings, E., & Marcus, B. H. (2012) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9362-9 · Cited by 266
Exercise capacity in lean versus obese women
Hulens, M., Vansant, G. A. A. M., Lysens, R., Claessens, A., & Muls, E. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110509.x · Cited by 223
Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population
Hardcastle, S. J., Ray, H., Beale, L., & Hagger, M. S. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01505 · Cited by 212
Ekkekakis, P., Vazou, S., Bixby, W. R., & Georgiadis, E. M. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12369 · Cited by 206
Self-citationMartinez, N., Kilpatrick, M. W., Salomon, K., Jung, M. E., & Little, J. P. (2015) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2014-0212 · Cited by 200
High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Cerebrovascular Health: Curiosity, Cause, and Consequence
Lucas, S. J. E., Cotter, J. D., Brassard, P., & Bailey, D. M. (2015) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.49 · Cited by 197
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A., Lind, E., & Vazou, S. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.204 · Cited by 197
Richards, J. C., Johnson, T. K., Kuzma, J. N., Lonac, M. C., Schweder, M. M., Voyles, W. F., & Bell, C. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.189886 · Cited by 187
Little, J. P., Jung, M. E., Wright, A. E., Wright, W., & Manders, R. J. F. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0512 · Cited by 187
The Oxford Handbook of Exercise Psychology
(2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195394313.001.0001 · Cited by 185
Is walking for exercise too exhausting for obese women?
Mattsson, E., Larsson, U. E., & Rössner, S. (1997) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800417 · Cited by 183
Elliott, A. D., Rajopadhyaya, K., Bentley, D. J., Beltrame, J. F., & Aromataris, E. (2014) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2014.09.001 · Cited by 172
Fogelholm, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Nenonen, A., & Pasanen, M. E. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.14.2177 · Cited by 163
Continuous and high-intensity interval training: Which promotes higher pleasure?
Oliveira, B. R. R., Slama, F. A., Deslandes, A. C., Furtado, E. S., & Santos, T. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079965 · Cited by 161
Bailey, S. J., Vanhatalo, A., Wilkerson, D. P., DiMenna, F. J., & JONES, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00810.2009 · Cited by 160
Lunt, H., Draper, N., Marshall, H. C., Logan, F. J., Hamlin, M. J., Shearman, J. P., Cotter, J. D., Kimber, N. E., Blackwell, G., & FRAMPTON, C. M. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083256 · Cited by 153
Martins, C., Kazakova, I., Ludviksen, M., Mehus, I., Wisløff, U., Kulseng, B. E., Morgan, L., & King, N. A. (2015) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0078 · Cited by 128
Affective Responses to Repeated Sessions of High-Intensity Interval Training
Saanijoki, T., Nummenmaa, L., Eskelinen, J., Savolainen, A., Vahlberg, T. J., Kalliokoski, K. K., & Hannukainen, J. C. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000721 · Cited by 113
Hwang, C.-L., Wu, Y.-T., & Chou, C.-H. (2011) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e31822f16cb · Cited by 111
Differential partitioning of extended experiences
Dan Ariely, C., & Zauberman, G. S. (2003) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/s0749-5978(03)00061-x · Cited by 109
Boyd, J. C., Simpson, C. A., Jung, M. E., & Gurd, B. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068091 · Cited by 107
HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING
Kilpatrick, M. W., Jung, M. E., & Little, J. P. (2014) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000067 · Cited by 106
Should high-intensity-aerobic interval training become the clinical standard in heart failure?
Arena, R. A., MYERS, J. N., Forman, D. E., Lavie, C. J., & Guazzi, M. (2012) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-012-9333-z · Cited by 105
Discounting in judgments of delay and probability
Rachlin, H. C., Brown, J. C., & Cross, D. V. (2000) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2 · Cited by 104
Is high-intensity exercise better than moderate-intensity exercise for weight loss?
Feo, P. D. (2013) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.06.002 · Cited by 99
Skelly, L. E., Andrews, P. C., Gillen, J. B., Martin, B. J., Percival, M. E., & Gibala, M. J. (2014) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0562 · Cited by 99
Hazell, T. J., Olver, T. D., Hamilton, C. D., & Lemon, P. W. R. (2012) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.4.276 · Cited by 98
Ferguson, C., Whipp, B. J., Cathcart, A. J., Rossiter, H. B., Turner, A. P., & Ward, S. A. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01410.2006 · Cited by 97
Very intense exercise-training is extremely potent and time efficient: a reminder
Coyle, E. F. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2005 · Cited by 93
Intensity-dependent tolerance to exercise after attaining V o 2 max in humans
Coats, E. M., Rossiter, H. B., Day, J. R., Miura, A., Fukuba, Y., & Whipp, B. J. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01142.2002 · Cited by 93
High-intensity interval training for health and fitness: can less be more?
Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01237.2011 · Cited by 93
Ekkekakis, P., & Дафермос, М. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195394313.013.0016 · Cited by 82
Self-citationStøylen, A., Conraads, V. M., Halle, M., Linke, A., Prescott, E., & Ellingsen, Ø. (2011) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/1741826711403252 · Cited by 81
British adults' views on the health benefits of moderate and vigorous activity
O’Donovan, G., & Shave, R. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.026 · Cited by 72
Levinger, I., Shaw, C. S., Stepto, N. K., Cassar, S., McAinch, A. J., Cheetham, C., & Maiorana, A. (2015) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.4137/cmc.s26230 · Cited by 68
Exercise and type 2 diabetes: New prescription for an old problem
Bird, S. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2012) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.05.015 · Cited by 66
The Impact of Continuous and Interval Cycle Exercise on Affect and Enjoyment
Kilpatrick, M. W., Greeley, S. J., & Collins, L. H. (2015) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1015673 · Cited by 66
ECSS position statement: Exercise and obesity
Fogelholm, M., Stallknecht, B. M., & van Baak, M. A. (2006) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461390600563085 · Cited by 58
Total daily energy expenditure is increased following a single bout of sprint interval training
Sevits, K. J., Melanson, E. L., Swibas, T., Binns, S. E., Klochak, A. L., Lonac, M. C., Peltonen, G. L., Scalzo, R. L., Schweder, M. M., Smith, A. M., et al. (2013) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.1002/phy2.131 · Cited by 49
Commentary: Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population
Jung, M. E., Little, J. P., & Batterham, A. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01999 · Cited by 47
Do regression-based computer algorithms for determining the ventilatory threshold agree?
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A., Lind, E., Hall, E. E., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410801910269 · Cited by 44
Reinforcing value of interval and continuous physical activity in children
Barkley, J. E., Epstein, L. H., & Roemmich, J. N. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.006 · Cited by 43
The Role of Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adaptation in Brain Health
Tarumi, T., & Zhang, R. (2015) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000063 · Cited by 42
Perception of Exercise Difficulty Predicts Weight Regain in Formerly Overweight Women
Brock, D. W., Chandler-Laney, P. C., Alvarez, J. A., Gower, B. A., Gaesser, G. A., & Hunter, G. R. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.318 · Cited by 40
The impact of high-intensity intermittent exercise on resting metabolic rate in healthy males
Kelly, B. M., King, J. A., Goerlach, J., & Nimmo, M. A. (2013) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2741-5 · Cited by 39
Rehn, T. A., Winett, R. A., Wisløff, U., & Rognmo, Ø. (2013) · The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/1874192401307010001 · Cited by 36
Interpreting the Physical Activity Guidelines for Health and Weight Management
Andersen, R. E., & Jakicic, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.6.5.651 · Cited by 36
Archer, E., Hand, G. A., Hébert, J. R., Lau, E. Y., Wang, X., Shook, R. P., Fayad, R., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.08.019 · Cited by 31
Provocative Issues in Heart Disease Prevention
Juneau, M., Hayami, D., Gayda, M., Lacroix, S., & Nigam, A. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.09.014 · Cited by 30
Wisløff, U., Coombes, J. S., & Rognmo, Ø. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271041 · Cited by 27
Commentary: Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population
Del Vecchio, F. B., Gentil, P., Coswig, V. S., & Fukuda, D. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01359 · Cited by 25
Holloway, T. M., & Spriet, L. L. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271039 · Cited by 24
Swing and a Miss or Inside-the-Park Home Run
Keteyian, S. J. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.129171 · Cited by 22
Effect of Body Mass Index on Affect at Intensities Spanning the Ventilatory Threshold
da Silva, S. G., Elsangedy, H. M., Krinski, K., de Campos, W., Buzzachera, C. F., Krause, M. P., Goss, F. L., & Robertson, R. J. (2011) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/06.09.15.pms.113.5.575-588 · Cited by 20
Is It Safer and More Beneficial to Work Heart Failure Patients Harder? An Editorial Commentary
Smart, N. A., & Ismail, H. (2013) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.22179 · Cited by 3
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bellicha, A., van Baak, M. A., Battista, F., Beaulieu, K., Blundell, J. E., Busetto, L., Carraça, E. V., Dicker, D., Encantado, J., Ermolao, A., et al. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13256 · Cited by 375
“9 While HIIT is usually considered a time-efficient exercise strategy compared to MICT, concern has been raised about the feasibility and sustainability of HIIT in patients with obesity who seem to experience lower pleasure and enjoyment during HIIT than MICT.”
Keating, S. E., Johnson, N. A., Mielke, G. I., & Coombes, J. S. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12536 · Cited by 344
“However, SIT protocols are extremely difficult and unlikely to be tolerated or enjoyed by previously inactive individuals or populations with obesity (49,64).”
BackgroundStork, M., Banfield, L. E., Gibala, M. J., & Ginis, K. A. M. (2017) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2017.1326011 · Cited by 201
Oliveira, B. R. R., Santos, T. M., Kilpatrick, M. W., Pires, F. O., & Deslandes, A. C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197124 · Cited by 205
“min) however, contrary to Decker and Ekkekakis [25] a positive SMD (.”
InfluentialOpioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects
Saanijoki, T., Tuominen, L. J., Tuulari, J. J., Nummenmaa, L., Arponen, E., Kalliokoski, K. K., & Hirvonen, J. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.148 · Cited by 146
Metadata
- Authors
- Decker, E. S., & Ekkekakis, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Sport and Exercise
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 28
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1469-0292 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2519659878
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 12.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of sport and exercise (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval exercise, moderate-intensity continuous training, exercise enjoyment, obese women, physical inactivity, exercise sustainability, recumbent cycling, ventilatory threshold, Feeling Scale, Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review