Altered Microbiomes Distinguish Alzheimer’s Disease from Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Health in a Chinese Cohort
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OBJECTIVE: (Background): Alzheimer's disease (AD), clinically characterized by the progressive neurodegenerative condition and cognitive impairment, is one of the main causes of disability in elder people worldwide. Recently, several animal studies indicated that the 'gut-brain' axis might contribute to the amyloid deposition of AD. However, data about gut dysbiosis in human AD remains scarce in the literature, especially including the whole process of AD. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed at identifying differences in microbiome between patients with AD (Pre-onset stage amnestic mild cognitive impairment, aMCI; and AD) and the normal cognition healthy controls (HC). Additionally, the potential association between IM and clinical characteristics of AD was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 97 subjects (33 AD, 32 aMCI, and 32 HC) were recruited in the study. The composition of gut bacterial communities was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA Miseq sequencing. In addition, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to predict function shift of intestinal microbiota. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores were used to evaluate the severity of cognitive impairment in patients. RESULTS: The fecal microbial diversity was decreased in AD patients compared with aMCI patients and HC. And the microbial composition was distinct among aMCI, AD and healthy control groups. Among bacterial taxa, the proportion of phylum Firmicutes was significantly reduced (P = 0.008), whereas Proteobacteria (P = 0.024) was highly enriched in the AD compared with HC. In addition, similar alterations were observed at the order, class and family levels of these two phyla. And Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae showed a progressive enriched prevalence from HC to aMCI and AD patients. Further, a significant correlation was observed between the clinical severity scores of AD patients and the abundance of altered microbiomes. Moreover, the KEGG results showed the increased modules related to glycan biosynthesis and metabolism in AD and aMCI patients and decreased pathways related to immune system in AD patients. Importantly, the discriminating models based on predominant microbiota could effectively distinguish aMCI and AD from HC (AUC = 0.890, 0.940, respectively), and also AD from aMCI (AUC = 0.925). Notably, the models based on the abundance of family Enterobacteriaceae could distinguish AD from both aMCI (AUC = 0.688) and HC (AUC = 0.698). CONCLUSIONS: Distinct microbial communities, especially enriched Enterobacteriaceae, were associated with patients with AD when compared with predementia stage aMCI and healthy subjects. These novel findings will give new clues to understand the disease and provide new therapeutic target for intervention or a marker for this disease.
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Enterobacteriaceae is thought to be implicated in both PD and AD.
“Furthermore, we found that MPTP-treated mice presented elevated levels of Enterobacteriaceae (Figure 5), which is thought to be implicated in both PD and AD [68].”
From Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
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Gut Metagenomics-Derived Genes as Potential Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease
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A peripheral signature of Alzheimer’s disease featuring microbiota-gut-brain axis markers
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Microbial involvement in Alzheimer disease development and progression
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Self-citationAltered gut microbiota in adults with subjective cognitive decline: the SILCODE study
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Nutrition, gut microbiota, and alzheimer’s disease
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Multi-omics analysis reveals the key factors involved in the severity of the Alzheimer’s disease
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Altered gut microbiota in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a case-control study
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Regulation of microglial physiology by the microbiota
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- Authors
- Liu, P., Wu, L., Peng, G., Han, Y., Tang, R., Ge, J., Zhang, L., Jia, L., Yue, S., Zhou, K., Li, L., Luo, B., & Wang, B.
- Affiliations
- First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University (CN)
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (CN)
- Zhejiang University of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Lanjuan
- Luo, Benyan
- Wang, Baohong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 633-643
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944415973
- Cited by
- 669
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 20.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis, gut-brain axis, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, fecal microbiota, microbial diversity, cognitive impairment severity, glycan metabolism, immune pathways, diagnostic biomarkers, Chinese population, dementia risk prediction, amyloid deposition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Amnesia, Brain, China, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feces, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Area Under Curve, Asian People, Cognitive Dysfunction
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