Analysis of the relationship between the gut microbiome and dementia: a cross-sectional study conducted in Japan
Open accessAbstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbiome is associated with several life-threatening conditions and thus might represent a useful target for the prevention of dementia. However, the relationship between the gut microbial population and dementia has not yet been fully clarified. We recruited outpatients visiting our memory clinic to participate in this study. Information on patient demographics, risk factors, and activities of daily living was collected, and cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. Faecal samples were obtained, and the gut microbiome was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, one of the most well-established and reliable 16S ribosomal RNA-based methods for classifying gut microbiota. Patients were divided into two groups, demented and non-demented. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the variables independently associated with dementia. The T-RFLP analysis revealed differences in the composition of the gut microbiome: the number of Bacteroides (enterotype I) was lower and the number of 'other' bacteria (enterotype III) was higher in demented than non-demented patients. Multivariable analyses showed that the populations of enterotype I and enterotype III bacteria were strongly associated with dementia, independent of the traditional dementia biomarkers. Further studies of the metabolites of gut microbes are needed to determine the mechanism underlying this association.
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Human studies comparing the composition of the GM of elderly participants suffering from cognitive impairment with healthy individuals indicate significant changes in GM composition, specifically an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa and a reduction in anti-inflammatory taxa.
“Human studies comparing the composition of the GM of elderly participants suffering from cognitive impairment with healthy individuals indicate significant changes in GM composition. Specifically, there is an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa and a reduction in anti-inflammatory taxa (104–109).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [108]
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- Authors
- Saji, N., Niida, S., Murotani, K., Hisada, T., Tsuduki, T., Sugimoto, T., Kimura, A., Toba, K., & Sakurai, T.
- Affiliations
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (JP)
- Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (JP)
- Kurume University (JP)
- Technosuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd. (Japan) (JP)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Saji, Naoki
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-01-30
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1008-1008
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6353871
- OpenAlex
- W2911545950
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 18
- FWCI
- 10.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (27-21, 28-15, 28-15, 27-21)
- Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, dementia, enterotypes, Bacteroides, cognitive function, memory clinic patients, fecal microbiota, dementia risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Feces, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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