Intestinal CYP2E1: A mediator of alcohol-induced gut leakiness
Open accessAbstract
Chronic alcohol use can result in many pathological effects including alcoholic liver disease (ALD). While alcohol is necessary for the development of ALD, only 20-30% of alcoholics develop alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) with progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis and liver failure (ALD). This suggests that while chronic alcohol consumption is necessary it is not sufficient to induce clinically relevant liver damage in the absence of a secondary risk factor. Studies in rodent models and alcoholic patients show that increased intestinal permeability to microbial products like endotoxin play a critical role in promoting liver inflammation in ALD pathogenesis. Therefore identifying mechanisms of alcohol-induced intestinal permeability is important in identifying mechanisms of ALD and for designing new avenues for therapy. Cyp2e1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes alcohol has been shown to be upregulated by chronic alcohol use and to be a major source of oxidative stress and liver injury in alcoholics and in animal and in vitro models of chronic alcohol use. Because Cyp2e1 is also expressed in the intestine and is upregulated by chronic alcohol use, we hypothesized it could play a role in alcohol-induced intestinal hyperpermeability. Our in vitro studies with intestinal Caco-2 cells and in mice fed alcohol showed that circadian clock proteins CLOCK and PER2 are required for alcohol-induced permeability. We also showed that alcohol increases Cyp2e1 protein and activity but not mRNA in Caco-2 cells and that an inhibitor of oxidative stress or siRNA knockdown of Cyp2e1 prevents the increase in CLOCK or PER2 proteins and prevents alcohol-induced hyperpermeability. With our collaborators we have also shown that Cyp2e1 knockout mice are resistant to alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver inflammation. Taken together our data support a novel Cyp2e1-circadian clock protein mechanism for alcohol-induced gut leakiness that could provide new avenues for therapy of ALD.
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Excessive alcohol intake is known to cause leaky gut with increased intestinal cell permeability and endotoxemia, possibly via increased CYP2E1 and oxidative stress.
“Excessive alcohol intake is known to cause leaky gut with increased intestinal cell permeability and endotoxemia, possibly via increased CYP2E1 and oxidative stress245–248.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [246]
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Rungratanawanich, W., Qu, Y., Wang, X., Essa, M. M., & Song, B.-J. (2021) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-021-00561-7 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
LeFort, K. R., Rungratanawanich, W., & Song, B.-J. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Cho, Y.-E., Yu, L.-R., Abdelmegeed, M. A., Yoo, S.-H., & Song, B.-J. (2018) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.005 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cho, Y.-E., & Song, B.-J. (2018) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.012 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
- Authors
- Forsyth, C. B., Voigt, R. M., & Keshavarzian, A.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Forsyth, Christopher B.
- Venue
- Redox Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 40-46
- ISSN
- 2213-2317 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4297927
- OpenAlex
- W2069540241
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Redox Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- AK (AA013745, RC2AA019405, AA023417)
- CBF (AA020216)
- RMV
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- CYP2E1, intestinal permeability, leaky gut, alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcohol-induced oxidative stress, circadian clock, clocks, Per2, endotoxin, intestinal barrier, Caco-2 cells
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Fatty Liver, Alcoholic, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Permeability, Oxidative Stress, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1, Circadian Clocks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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