Rhizoctonia solani suppression and plant growth promotion in cucumber as affected by biochar pyrolysis temperature, feedstock and concentration
Abstract
The soil application of biochar, the solid carbon-rich product of biomass pyrolysis, may improve soil quality and crop productivity. Recently, soil applied biochar was found to reduce severity of foliar diseases and soilborne diseases in various crops. Biochar characteristics are expected to affect its disease suppression capability, as there is a profound variability in the physical and chemical properties of biochar depending on the initial feedstock and production parameters. The aim of this research was to explore the influence of biochar produced from different feedstocks and at different production temperatures on its ability to suppress the soilborne pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Biochar prepared from two feedstocks (Eucalyptus wood (EUC) and Greenhouse waste (GHW)), each produced at 350 and 600 °C were tested for their suppressive ability against damping-off at concentrations of 0–3%. In general, biochar addition at relatively lower concentrations enhanced plant growth performance and suppressed damping-off by R. solani. However, at higher concentrations, biochar was ineffective or even increased the disease incidence and severity as compared with the control, forming a U-shape response curve versus biochar concentration. Biochars produced at both low and high temperatures were equally effective against various disease parameters but suppression of disease was affected by the feedstock type. There was a significant interaction between feedstock and concentration for the final damping-off incidence and other disease parameters, indicating that each feedstock had an optimum concentration for disease control. The most effective dose for suppressing disease was 1% for EUC biochar and 0.5% for GHW biochar. In conclusion, R. solani suppression in cucumber induced by biochar soil amendment is feedstock and concentration dependent.
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Adding 2% BCpure may have shifted the bi-phasic plant response to the negative side.
“Thus, adding 2% BCpure may have shifted the bi-phasic plant response to the negative side4849.”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [49]
Biochars can cause bi-phasic (U-shaped/inversely U-shaped) plant responses, at low concentrations often promoting and at high concentrations often suppressing plant growth or defenses to pests or pathogens.
“Biochars can cause bi-phasic (or U-shaped/inversely U-shaped) plant responses48, at low concentrations often promoting and at high concentrations often suppressing plant growth or defenses to pests or pathogens4849.”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Jaiswal, A. K., Elad, Y., Graber, E. R., & Frenkel, O.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Agricultural Research Organization (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Frenkel, Omer
- Venue
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 69
- Pages
- 110-118
- ISSN
- 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054331324
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 13.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Provincia Autonoma di Trento
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Disease Management Techniques
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Keywords
- biochar, Rhizoctonia solani, cucumber, damping-off, disease suppression, pyrolysis temperature, feedstock, hormesis, plant growth promotion, soil amendment, greenhouse waste, eucalyptus wood, soil-borne pathogens
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