Amino acid sensing in skeletal muscle
Open accessAbstract
Aging impairs skeletal muscle protein synthesis, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we review evidence that mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-mediated amino acid (AA) sensing pathways, triggered by impaired AA delivery to aged skeletal muscle, may play important roles in skeletal muscle aging. Interventions that alleviate age-related impairments in muscle protein synthesis, strength, and/or muscle mass appear to do so by reversing age-related changes in skeletal muscle AA delivery, mTORC1 activity, and/or ATF4 activity. An improved understanding of the mechanisms and roles of AA sensing pathways in skeletal muscle may lead to evidence-based strategies to attenuate sarcopenia.
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Food intake, physical exercise, and amino acid availability are factors that influence skeletal muscle protein turnover and nitrogen balance.
“Food intake, physical exercise, and amino acid availability are factors that influence skeletal muscle protein turnover and nitrogen balance [38,39].”
From Antibody blockade of activin type II receptors preserves skeletal muscle mass and enhances fat loss during GLP-1 receptor agonism (2024) · cites this paper as [39]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Moro, T., Ebert, S. M., Adams, C. M., & Rasmussen, B. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rasmussen, Blake B.
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 796-806
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5075248
- OpenAlex
- W2497214543
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX000976, I01 RX001477)
- National Institute on Aging (R56AG051267, R43AG044898, R41AG047684, P30AG024832)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R43AR069400, R01AR059115)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- amino acid sensing, skeletal muscle aging, mTORC1, ATF4, muscle protein synthesis, sarcopenia, muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, muscle mass
- MeSH terms
- Ursolic Acid, Amino Acids, Animals, Humans, Triterpenes, Muscle, Skeletal, Activating Transcription Factor 4, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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