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Cited by 83Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The anabolic response to protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has no upper limit in magnitude and duration in vivo in humans

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Trommelen, Jorn, van Lieshout, Glenn A.A., Nyakayiru, Jean, Holwerda, Andrew M., Smeets, Joey S.J., Hendriks, Floris K., van Kranenburg, Janneau M.X., Zorenc, Antoine H. +4 more·2023·Cell Reports Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101324PMC PMC10772463
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Abstract

The belief that the anabolic response to feeding during postexercise recovery is transient and has an upper limit and that excess amino acids are being oxidized lacks scientific proof. Using a comprehensive quadruple isotope tracer feeding-infusion approach, we show that the ingestion of 100 g protein results in a greater and more prolonged (>12 h) anabolic response when compared to the ingestion of 25 g protein. We demonstrate a dose-response increase in dietary-protein-derived plasma amino acid availability and subsequent incorporation into muscle protein. Ingestion of a large bolus of protein further increases whole-body protein net balance, mixed-muscle, myofibrillar, muscle connective, and plasma protein synthesis rates. Protein ingestion has a negligible impact on whole-body protein breakdown rates or amino acid oxidation rates. These findings demonstrate that the magnitude and duration of the anabolic response to protein ingestion is not restricted and has previously been underestimated in vivo in humans.

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  • The total amount of protein plays a more important role than the timing of protein-rich meals.

    “However, it seems that more than the timing of the meals, the total amount of protein plays a more important role than the timing itself [53, 68].”

    From Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [68]

    The Discussion reports that a single large protein dose produces prolonged anabolism, allowing more flexibility in meal timing. However, the study compared single doses after exercise; it did not directly compare total daily protein intake with meal timing or establish which is more important. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [56]van Loon L.J.C. Boirie Y. Gijsen A.P. Fauquant J. de Roos A.L. Kies A.K. Lemosquet S. Saris W.H.M. Koopman R. The production of intrinsically labeled milk protein provides a functional tool for human nutrition research J. Dairy Sci. 92 2009 4812 4822 19762796

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Authors
Trommelen, J., van Lieshout, G. A. A., Nyakayiru, J., Holwerda, A. M., Smeets, J. S. J., Hendriks, F. K., van Kranenburg, J. M. X., Zorenc, A. H., Senden, J. M., Goessens, J. P. B., Gijsen, A. P., & van Loon, L. J. C.
Affiliations
Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Cell Reports Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-12
Volume
4
Issue
12
Pages
101324
ISSN
2666-3791 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101324
PMC
PMC10772463
OpenAlex
W4389947886
Cited by
82
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 25
FWCI
11.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cell Reports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
post-exercise recovery, muscle protein synthesis, amino acid oxidation, dose-response relationship, myofibrillar protein synthesis, muscle connective tissue
MeSH terms
Post-Exercise Recovery, Amino Acids, Eating, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, GTP-Binding Proteins

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