Skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression is increased in young and older adults following resistance exercise
Open accessAbstract
Amino acid transporters and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling are important contributors to muscle protein anabolism. Aging is associated with reduced mTORC1 signaling following resistance exercise, but the role of amino acid transporters is unknown. Young ( n = 13; 28 ± 2 yr) and older ( n = 13; 68 ± 2 yr) subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise. Skeletal muscle biopsies ( vastus lateralis) were obtained at basal and 3, 6, and 24 h postexercise and were analyzed for amino acid transporter mRNA and protein expression and regulators of amino acid transporter transcription utilizing real-time PCR and Western blotting. We found that basal amino acid transporter expression was similar in young and older adults ( P > 0.05). Exercise increased L-type amino acid transporter 1/solute-linked carrier (SLC) 7A5, CD98/SLC3A2, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2/SLC38A2, proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1/SLC36A1, and cationic amino acid transporter 1/SLC7A1 mRNA expression in both young and older adults ( P < 0.05). L-type amino acid transporter 1 and CD98 protein increased only in younger adults ( P < 0.05). eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α-subunit (S52) increased similarly in young and older adults postexercise ( P < 0.05). Ribosomal protein S6 (S240/244) and activating transcription factor 4 nuclear protein expression tended to be higher in the young, while nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (Y705) was higher in the older subjects postexercise ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that the rapid upregulation of amino acid transporter expression following resistance exercise may be regulated differently between the age groups, but involves a combination of mTORC1, activating transcription factor 4, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α-subunit, and STAT3. We propose an increase in amino acid transporter expression may contribute to enhanced amino acid sensitivity following exercise in young and older adults. In older adults, the increased nuclear STAT3 phosphorylation may be indicative of an exercise-induced stress response, perhaps to export amino acids from muscle cells.
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The increase in leucine within the muscle is likely the result of an increase in the primary leucine transporter LAT1 mRNA and protein.
“This increase in leucine within the muscle is likely the result of an increase in the primary leucine transporter (LAT1) messenger RNA (mRNA) [16] and protein [17].”
From Using Molecular Biology to Maximize Concurrent Training (2014) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results report increased LAT1 mRNA after resistance exercise, supporting the part of the sentence attached to this citation. But the Results also state that muscle intracellular leucine did not increase, and the Discussion says the study could not establish the direction of amino acid transport. This source therefore does not support the proposed explanation for an increase in muscle leucine; the protein claim is cited separately. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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“This increase in leucine within the muscle is likely the result of an increase in the primary leucine transporter (LAT1) messenger RNA (mRNA) [16] and protein [17].”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Drummond, M. J., Fry, C. S., Glynn, E. L., Timmerman, K. L., Dickinson, J. M., Walker, D. K., Gundermann, D. M., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Divisions of 3Rehabilitation Science and
- Corresponding author
- Drummond, Micah J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-142
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- PMC
- PMC3137547
- OpenAlex
- W2017226193
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000071)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR049877)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029876)
- NIH Clinical Center
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007539)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- amino acid transporters, resistance training, skeletal muscle, aging, mTORC1 signaling, muscle protein anabolism, SLC7A5, SLC38A2, SLC36A1, SLC7A1, eIF2α, ribosomal protein S6, ATF4, STAT3, exercise stress response, vastus lateralis
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Amino Acids, Analysis of Variance, Biopsy, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Leucine, Male, Muscle Contraction, Phenylalanine, Phosphorylation, RNA, Messenger, Time Factors, Blotting, Western, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Ribosomal Protein S6, Multiprotein Complexes, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Activating Transcription Factor 4, Quadriceps Muscle, Resistance Training, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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